GEO-6 Regional Asssement for West Asia Percentage


produce particulates from the combustion of flamable gases (Cointreau 2006) and sequestered carbon sources.


At the country level, the proportion of incinerated waste varies from about 22 per cent in Qatar in 2014 (QDB 2015), through 12.5 per cent in Iraq in 2005, to 5.3 per cent in Syria in 2003 (UNSD 2015). The residual quantity recycled regionally is about 6.6 per cent with about 3.0 per cent composted (Sweepnet 2014; UNSD 2015; QDB 2015). (Video: Composting in Dubai).


There have been several promising initiatives in the past few years, especially in Jordan, Qatar and UAE, but more effort is required to make waste-to-energy a by-line for sustainable development. An example of integrated waste management in the region is the treatment facility in Qatar combining recycling, composting and incineration with energy recovery. When the Qatar National Development Strategy 2011–2016 was considered, the solid waste management facility plant at Mesaieed was an appropriate solution, but its capacity was overwhelmed by the time the project was completed. Qatar needs a handful of such centres to tackle the growing garbage disposal problem (More...15).


Figure 2.7.3: West Asia, wastewater treatment rates, 2014


90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0


30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0


Bahrain 82.2 64.3 42.3 8.3 15.1 Iraq Jordan Source: Waste Management World 2015 96 Kuwait Lebanon


Oman 13.4


43.0 28.5 Qatar Wastewater treated KSA Syria UAE


Yemen 0.5


67.3 67.1


In oil-producing high-income countries, industrial sludge, drilling wastes, and medical and hazardous wastes including radioactive materials, are usually dealt with by the authority set up to manage activities in the oil sector, such as ADNOC in Abu Dhabi, Oman PDO, Aramco in Saudi Arabia and KOC in Kuwait. In Jeddah, 500 000 cubic metres of raw sewage are discharged daily into Buraiman Lake (Zafar 2015). Recent wastewater treatment levels are shown in Figure 2.7.3.


The key developing markets for recycling in the region are for construction and demolition waste, metal waste, plastics, paper and cardboard, and glass. Estimates from waste characterization and generation data indicate that about 17.3 million tonnes of dry solids from municipal solid waste are currently dumped or put in landfill (Dumble 2015) (Table 2.7.2).


Materials recovered from sorting and composting plants are at low levels across the region and of generally poor quality due to high moisture content and a lack of source-segregated collection. The number and capacity of secondary smelters across West Asia (Pawlek 2015) indicates under-capacity, for example in Lebanon, Iraq and Qatar.


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