significance may result from developments that have some geographical separation, but remain highly inter-visible, potentially resulting in extending impacts into new areas, such as an increased proliferation of development on a skyline, or the creation of multiple, separate development defined landscapes.
29.7 Nature of Impacts 68.
The nature of impacts refers to whether the landscape and/or visual impact of the proposed project is positive or negative (herein referred to as ‘beneficial’ and ‘adverse’).
69. Guidance provided by the Landscape Institute on the nature of impact in GLVIA3 states that ‘in the LVIA, thought must be given to whether the likely significant landscape and visual impacts are judged to be positive (beneficial) or negative (adverse) in their consequences for landscape or for views and visual amenity’, but it does not provide guidance as to how that may be established in practice. The nature of impact is therefore one that requires interpretation and, where applied, this involves reasoned professional opinion.
70.
In relation to many forms of development, the LVIA will identify ‘beneficial’ and ‘adverse’ impacts by assessing these under the term ‘Nature of Impact’. The landscape and visual impacts of developments are difficult to categorise in either of these brackets as, unlike other disciplines, there are no definitive criteria by which the impacts of Developments can be measured as being categorically ‘beneficial’ or ‘adverse’. In some disciplines, such as noise or ecology, it is possible to quantify the impact of a development in numeric terms, by objectively identifying or quantifying the proportion of a receptor that is affected by the proposed project, and assessing the nature of that impact in justifiable terms. However, this is not the case in relation to landscape and visual impacts where the approach combines quantitative and qualitative assessment.
71.
The attribution of ‘beneficial’ and ‘adverse’ nature of impacts is used inconsistently by landscape professionals when preparing LVIAs for developments and there is not a consensus of opinion that supports its use for Development assessments. Generally, a precautionary approach is adopted by OPEN, which assumes that significant landscape and visual impacts will be weighed on the adverse side of the planning balance. Beneficial impacts may, however, arise in certain situations. Judgements on the nature of impact are based on professional experience and reasoned opinion informed by best practice guidance.
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Development
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