Nuclear energy is produced in nuclear reactors by splitting uranium atoms. This reaction produces heat energy. Heat energy can be used to generate electricity.
Questions You will need to research the answers to some of these questions. 1. By how much did the world’s energy de- mand rise between 1970 and 2010? 2. Why do you think demand has increased by this much? 3. Which continent has increased its energy demand the most?
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Uranium is non-renewable. It is estimated that supplies will last for 80–100 years. It is not a sustainable source of energy.
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Fig. 17 The Fukushima nuclear power plant.
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Mining for uranium causes environmental damage.
It is highly efficient. It produces thousands of times more energy than is produced by burning fossil fuels. It produces very little carbon emissions.
It requires a relatively small amount of fuel.
In many cases unspent fuel can be recycled.
Nuclear reactors have a high safety record.
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Research this Nuclear power provides France with most of its energy. Ireland does not have any nuclear power plants. Write a debate speech either supporting the introduction of nuclear power in Ireland, or supporting Ireland’s position as a nuclear-free zone.
4. Why do you think there has been such a big increase in global energy demand since 1980?
5. What source of energy is used to meet most of the world’s energy needs?
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Nuclear waste can remain radioactive for thousands of years. This waste must be stored safely and securely for a very long time. Exposure to high levels of radioactivity can cause illness and death.
Nuclear disasters: If a nuclear power plant has a meltdown, huge amounts of radioactive material can be released into the environment. There have been three major nuclear disasters: Three Mile Island in the United States, Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan.
