4. Look at the food chain below. Using your knowledge of how energy is transferred in a food chain, answer the questions which follow.
Bottlenose dolphin Mackerel Phytoplankton (Tiny organisms that make food using sunlight)
Zooplankton (Tiny organisms that feed on phytoplankton)
(a) Why are there only small numbers of animals at the top of the food chain? (b) What would happen to the numbers of mackerel if more dolphins were introduced? Explain your answer.
(c) 10% of energy is transferred to the next level in a food chain. What happens to the other 90%?
5. Lions can be described as predators and mushrooms can be described as decomposers. Explain the difference between predators and decomposers.
6. Choose the term(s) from the list (a)-(d) below that can be used to describe each of the organisms 1-12.
(a) Producer (b) Consumer (c) Predator (d) Prey 1. Human
2. Leopard 3. Badger
4. Lichen 5. Lion
7. Seedling 8. Earthworm 6. Dandelion 9. Common gull
