5. Ocean acidification The increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the oceans. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid. This has made the oceans more acidic which can lead to: A reduced ability of many fish and plankton to reproduce. Many marine animals cannot build their shells in acidic water.
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Fig. 10 Increased ocean acidity dissolves the shells of many sea creatures.
6. Melting of polar ice caps As temperatures are rising the polar ice caps and glaciers are melting. This can lead to: Less ice to reflect sunlight, so more heat is absorbed by the ocean.
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Fig. 11 This image shows the Arctic sea ice minimum in 2012. The yellow line shows the average sea ice minimum from 1979 to 2010.
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Changing weather patterns around the world. Rising sea levels and flooding in many areas. Smaller hunting grounds for polar bears and other Arctic animals.
7. Changing habitats Climate change results in a change in the habitats of many organisms. This affects the biodiversity in these habitats. If plants and animals cannot adapt to their new habitats they may become extinct.
Fig. 12 Climate change is a huge threat to polar bears. As sea ice melts, they lose their hunting grounds.
Extended Investigation
Design an experiment to investigate the effects of acidity on coral reefs. Use egg shells to represent the coral.
Science in Society Some species of wildlife are threatened with extinction due to climate change and others are benefitting from it. Research one type of wildlife that suffers because of global warming and one that benefits from it. Outline how each species is affected by climate change.
