per surfaces in intensive care unit rooms resulted in a 40.4% reduction in the risk of acquiring a hospital infection. In February 2012, the Ronald McDonald House of
Charleston, S.C., (RMHC) became the first not-for-profit temporary residence in the U.S. to introduce antimicrobial copper into its facility, replacing steel, wood and plastic touch surfaces. According to the International Copper Association, one
of Brazil’s busiest airports seized an opportunity to include antimicrobial copper in its December 2011 parking area addition. Congonhas Airport, São Paulo, Brazil, which sees 10,000 people and 4,000 cars each day, installed antimicrobial copper handrails, countertops and elevator guardrails to its new parking area. Both the Congohas Airport and RMHC are keeping
tabs on the bacteria-killing power of the newly installed copper. Congohas already has reported a drastic reduc- tion in contamination in comparison to stainless steel. The RMHC will release results showing bacteria level comparisons between the new copper and its former surfaces in the third quarter of 2012. Hospitals are also making copper upgrades. Trafford Gen-
eral Hospital, Manchester, U.K., recently opened a renovated eight-bed critical care unit. Te unit was specially designed to protect patients and staff from bacteria on surfaces. Trafford used copper door plates and handles, as well as a copper sur- face area for medication preparation. Trafford is one of two English hospital that reported no cases of MRSA illnesses in the past two years. Many in the U.K. consider Trafford the safest hospital environment in the country. Other organiza- tions around the world are installing antimicrobial copper, as well, including hospitals in Ireland and France, a medical center in Finland and a subway station in Chile.
Antimicrobial Proof
In order to make legal antimicrobial claims in the U.S., a substance must be approved and registered by the EPA. International businesses can register for the antimicrobial copper brand with CDA. Some products, such as com- mercially available silver-ion coatings, are registered under a treated article exemption by the EPA, which means the product only protects the item containing the antimicrobial ingredient (for example, fungicide). In order to make a public health claim, efficacy tests are required.
据国际铜业协会的资料，巴西最繁忙的机场之一圣 保罗的Congonhas机场于2011年12月在其停车区内使 用了抗菌铜。在新开辟的停车区域，每天有10,000人和 4000辆车接触抗菌铜扶手、台面和电梯护栏。 同时Congohas机场和RMHC在新安装的铜件上贴标 签，表明其杀菌能力。 根据congohas机场的报告，与 不锈钢相比，铜大幅减少了感染。 RMHC将发布的新 结果对铜表面和2012年第三季度之前使用的其它表面的 细菌水平做了比较。
医院也在升级铜件的使用。最近，在英国曼彻斯特
的Trafford医院，一个八床位的重症监护病房已经完 成装修并开放。该病房设计特别，以保护病人和工作 人员远离物体表面上的细菌。Trafford使用了铜门板 和把手，备药区域也使用了表面也使用铜。Trafford 是英国过去两年没有报道MRSA疾病情况的两个医院 之一。在英国，许多人认为，Trafford在该国拥有最 安全的医疗环境。世界各地的其它组织也正在安装抗 菌铜，包括在爱尔兰和法国的医院、在芬兰的医疗中 心以及智利的地铁站。
抗菌证明
要在美国发布法律声明必须在EPA批准登记。国际企 业可以在CDA做抗菌铜品牌注册。一些产品，如市售的 银离子涂层，必须在 EPA发布的医疗免责声明下注册， 这意味着该产品只保护含有抗菌成分的物品（例如杀菌 剂）。为了得到公众健康声明，药效试验是必需的。 为了证明铜是抗菌的，CDA进行了铜杀菌测试。即 使是潮湿和干燥后打磨（证明它不是一个涂层），铜 仍能保持有效杀菌能力，并在经过无数次曝光后仍能 持续抗菌。
MRSA bacteria dies within minutes on copper, but remains on stainless steel.
MRSA细菌在铜上面 一分钟之内死亡，但 在不锈钢上可以存 活。
58 |
FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Spring 2012
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72