> reactions of locals (if discoverable); and > relation of physical form to the group’s founding motivation.
Obviously, this is a tall order and, so far,
based on the materials collected, we find the information is more likely to describe social matters than physical form. However, we are hopeful. Materials of great value to this project include government records, maps, drawings, photographs, diaries, descen- dants’ accounts, newspapers, brochures, local histories, as well as such scholarly materials as theses, books, and articles.
THE TASK
A selection of 53 settlements as Jeanne cate- gorized them can be seen in Figure 1. We are currently aware of about 100 in total. In
keeping with Jeanne’s aim we want to gather as many as possible to show the amazing inventiveness, adventurousness, faith, and folly of their proponents. Jeanne’s time period for this study is the 1700s to 1945: she wanted to halt before the flowering of hippie- style communes in the 1960s! If you are interested in contributing to
this academic and collegial tribute, please contact us with ideas or information. When the project is finished, the “Friends of Jeanne Wolfe” will, hopefully, have accomplished her mission: to redress a lacuna in the his- tory of Canadian planned settlements. Please help us locate utopian or commune- style settlements in any part of the country with which you are familiar. ■
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This project received funding from the Social Sciences
& Humanities Research Council of Canada in 2011.
BETH MOORE MILROY, PHD, FCIP, is Professor Emerita, urban and regional planning, Ryerson University. Her current research interests are the long trajectory of planned urban initiatives and core area redevelopment, described in “Thinking plan- ning and urbanism” (ubc Press 2009). She can be reached at:
bmilroy@ryerson.ca
BRIAN OSBORNE is Professor Emeritus of Geography at Queen’s University, and his research areas include Aboriginal history, settlement history, cultural landscapes, and the role of the “culture of communications” in the development of a Canadian sense of place. He can be reached at: osborneb@
queensu.ca
REFUGEE IMMIGRATIONS MENNONITES 1875 (Prairies) MORMONS 1887 DOUKHOBORS 1898 HUTTERITES 1899
TEMPERANCE TEMPERANCEVILLE 1877 SASKATOON 1882
JEWISH FARM COLONIES
EIDENBRIDGE 1885 WAPELLA 1889 BENDER 1903
43 70
1872 DOMINION LANDS ACT 1880
LAVES 1890 1900 1910 1920 WWI (1914–1918)
1930-1939 GREAT DEPRESSION 1930
1940 WWII (1939–1945)
COOPERATIVES— INDUSTRIAL ALTERNATIVES TISDALE 1906 (Salvation Army)
BACK TO THE LAND— DEPRESSION ALTERNATIVES SACRED HEART 1934 FAIRBRIDGE SCHOOL 1935
SOCIALIST-COOP (WEST) RUSKIN 1891
BELLA COOLA (Norwegian) 1894 QUATSINO (Norwegian) 1894
HARMONY INDUSTRIAL ASSN.1895 CAPE SCOTT (Danish) 1897 SOINTULA (Finnish) 1901
SYLVAN LAKE (French) 1906 LE KANADO 1910
COOPERATIVES— INDUSTRIAL
ALTERNATIVES PORT UNION 1916 GARDENVILLE 1918
BACK TO THE LAND— DEPRESSION ALTERNATIVES
ROBERT OWEN FOUNDATION 1931 WESTEROSE 1934
CORBETT CREEK 1934 HILLSDOWN 1937
TOMPKINSVILLE 1937 VILLA NOVA 1937 GUYENNE 1946
p l an c ana da | summe r · étÉ 201 1
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