Such communities pursued one or more of the following objectives:
> adherence to the teachings and prescrip- tions of a charismatic leader;
> adherence to a way of life guided by spiritual/theological/religious/philo- sophical principles and social practices;
> adherence to a way of life according to political practices, ideals, and codes of conduct intended to improve the social harmony and material well-being of its adherents; and
> adherents comprised of a group of people distinguished by their spiritual, political, ethnic, or linguistic unique- ness that wish to preserve their distinctiveness by living apart from other societies, in rural or urban settings.
Utopian communities were purpose-
fully designed collectives of people that strove to achieve their objectives by the following:
> written manifestos or codified practices which determine the operation of the collective and personal conduct;
> planning the lay-out of specific institu- tions, economic functions, and domestic accommodations;
> determining the physical form, external appearance, and internal arrangements of these structures in relation to the cre- dos and objectives of the community; and
> the representation of the group’s distinc- tiveness materially by required modes of personal appearance, dress, diet, or social practices.
In particular, Jeanne’s intention was to
look for connections between the philosophi- cal motivation of the community and its built form, and the eventual relationship between them. Of course, this takes us right into the territory of planners. Ideally, the information gathered for each settlement would include the following, wherever possible:
> location of settlement; > map of settlement (location of build- ings, roads, etc.);
> founders, date of founding; > motivation behind the settlement; > length of time settlement lasted; > governance (rules and regulations); > economic activity or occupations (e.g., farming);
> why it folded, when and what became of it;
Figure 1: A selection of religious and secular Canadian utopian settlements, by J. Wolfe, 2009.
MISSIONS TO THE INDIANS FAIRFIELD 1791 (Moravian)
SECTS
SHARON 1814 (Children of Peace) St. ANN’S 1820 (Normanites) CANBORO 1847 WILLOUGHBY 1847 (True Inspirationists)
FUGITIVE WILBERFORCE 1829 QUEEN’S BUSH 1839 DAWN 1842 (British-American Inst.) BUXTON 1849 (Elgin Assn.)
MISSIONS TO THE INDIANS METLAKATLA 1862 (Church Mission Society) KINCOLITH 1867 AIYANSH 1878
42 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840
1841 MARITIME DEPRESSION 1850
1860 187 US FREES SL
OWENITE MAXWELL (Ontario) 1827
BACK TO THE LAND
MECHANICS SETTLEMENT 1841 MECHANICSVILLE ~1843
MAXWELL SETTLEMENT (NB) ~1843 EEL RIVER ~1843
MOUNT THEOBALD ~1843
GENTLEMAN’S PARADISES LAKEFIELD 1878
CANNINGTON 1883 LA ROLANDERIE 1885 TROCHU 1903
WALHACHIN 1910
p l an c ana da | summe r · étÉ 201 1
SECULAR
RELIGIOUS
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