Catalyst


Human Genome Project 77 human population growth 427 human sweat 49


human systems circulatory system 134–7 digestive system 130–3 division of labour 129 endocrine system 129


reproductive system 129, 142–7


respiratory system 129, 138–41 specialisation 129


hydrochloric acid (HCI) 223, 230


hydroelectric power 414 hydrogen 190, 231, 418, 419 hydrogen peroxide 214 hydroponics 126–7 hypothesis 2–3


I


identifi cation key 104 immiscible liquids, separating 197


immune system 33, 129 impure substances (mixtures) 189, 191


incineration 433 incomplete combustion of a fuel 239


indicators


litmus indicator 226 making 227 pH and 226–7 universal indicator 226


indigestion 230 industrial pollution 429–30 information age 349–51 infrared waves 341 ingestion 130 inhalation 141 insect bites 230 insect stings 230 insoluble 192 insulators 311 insulin 76 intercostal muscles and rib cage 139


interdependence 97 internal refl ection 355 International Space Station (ISS) 442, 443, 452


International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) 419


internet 351, 360–1 internet broadband 354 intestines 132, 133 invertebrates 84 investigation design 4–7


458


checklist 6 equipment 4, 7 method 5


risk assessment 6, 7


iodine, food tests and 34 ionic bonding 245–6 ionic compounds 249, 250 ionic substances 247 ions 245 iron oxide (rust) 241 isobars 395 isotopes 179, 417, 418, 419


J


jellyfi sh stings 297 Jenner, Edward 89 Jordan, Siobhán 92 joule (J) 273 Joule, James Prescott 274 Jupiter 364, 365, 373, 374


K karyotype 74 Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord 259


Kennedy, John F. 441, 442 kilocalories (kcal) 36 kilojoules (kJ) 36 kilowatt-hour (kWh) 278 kilowatts 278 kinetic energy 275


kingdoms of life animals 83, 84 bacteria 83, 86–8 fungi 83, 85 plants 83, 84–5 protists 83, 85


L


lactation 146 landfi ll sites 432 Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) 445


Large Hadron Collider 357 large intestine 133 larynx 138, 139 lasers 355 latent 171 law of conservation of mass 166, 237


law of conservation of energy 275


leaves 113, 114, 115, 118 LEDs (light-emitting diodes) 327


Lemaître, Georges Henri Joseph Édouard 367 length, measurement of 262–3 lichens 106, 227


Lichtenberg fi gures 315 life


characteristics of 19-20 defi ning 19–21 fi ve kingdoms of 83–5 organisation of 26–7


light 333–7, 401 bending light 334–5, 355 bouncing light 333 luminous objects 401 non-luminous objects 401 opaque materials 401 refl ection 333 refraction 334–5 seeing light 335 splitting light 336–7 translucent materials 401 transparent materials 401 white light 337


light bulbs 276, 277 light microscope 22–3


light telescopes 444–5 combination telescopes 444 concave lenses 444 convex lenses 444 refl ector telescopes 444 refractor telescopes 444


light-years 369 lightning 314 lightning conductors 314–15


limewater Ca(OH)2 224 Linnaeus, Carl 83 liquid pressure 298 liquid state 156 lithium 177, 241 litmus indicator 226, 227 littering 430 liver 133 Lloyd, Robin 270 Lonsdale, Kathleen 195 lubrication 293 luminous objects 401 lunar eclipse 406 lunar phases 405–6 lung cancer 72 lungs 139


M


magma 381 magnetic fi eld lines 308 magnetic fi elds 308–9 magnetic materials 307 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 353


magnetism 197, 307–9 magnets 307 magnitude 285


male reproductive system 144 Cowper’s gland 144 epididymis 144 penis 144


prostate gland 144 semen 144 seminal vesicles 144 sperm 144 testes 144 urethra 144 vas deferens 144


malnutrition 40–1 manganese dioxide 215 mantle 381 marble chips 216, 217 Mars 373, 374, 448, 449 Mars Climate Orbiter 270–1


mass 155 law of conservation of mass 166, 237


mass measurement 264 electronic mass balance 264 scales 264 spring balance 264


mass number 177


materials environmental impact 165 product life cycle 164 production of 164 properties of 164 recycling 165


matter 155 carbon 385–6 changes of state 160–3 the cycling of 384–7 diff usion 158–9 law of conservation of mass 166 nitrogen cycle 386–7 nutrient cycle 385 particle theory 155 physical versus chemical change 166–7


properties of materials 164–5 rock cycle 384 states of matter 155–7


measurement accuracy 266–7 area 263 length 262–3 mass 264 random errors 266–7 SI units 259–61 systematic errors 267 volume 264–5


zeroing an electronic balance 267


measurement instruments 262 measuring with body parts 260 measuring forces 291 medicinal copper 187


medicine 352–5 defi brillator 353 endoscopy 354


magnetic resonance imaging 353


monitoring vital signs 352 thermistors 352 ultrasound 354


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