4. Distillation is used to separate a liquid and a soluble solid when you want to keep the solvent (liquid) or when separating two miscible liquids (liquids that mix).
Distillation separates miscible liquids based on their boiling point. The liquid with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first. A Liebig condenser is used during distillation.
Examples of mixtures that can be separated by distillation are salt and water or water and alcohol.
Sand and iron filings mixture Thermometer Liebig's condenser z
Fig. 11.4.5 Magnetism
Distilling head
Condenser
Distilling flask
Heat source
Receiving flask
z
Fig. 11.4.4 Distillation
When separating mixtures, you are left with two types of products: the primary product, which you wanted from the mixture, and the by-product.
The by-product is a secondary product from the process.
Sometimes the primary product and by-products are wanted. Scientists always try to find a use for by- products so they can reduce waste and increase profits.
Beaker Water
Kerosene oil
Water Stopcock
6. Separating immiscible liquids: Immiscible liquids are liquids that do not mix. The less dense liquid will float on top of the other liquid. A separating funnel can be used to separate immiscible liquids.
An example of a mixture of immiscible liquids is oil and water.
Separating funnel
11.4
5. Magnetism can be used if one of the substances in the mixture is magnetic. This substance will be attracted to a magnet. The rest of the mixture will not.
An example of a mixture that can be separated by magnetism is sand and iron filings.
