Presenting and Analysing Data Investigating Changes of State
Freda and Paul have been learning about changes of state. They are using some of the ideas they learned about in topic 9.3 to investigate the temperature changes that occur over time when a solid is heated to its gaseous form.
Freda and Paul decide to use ice for this investigation. They collect the equipment they need and carry out the investigation as follows:
Step 1: Place the crushed ice straight from the freezer into the beaker. Step 2: Put the thermometer into the ice. Step 3: Start to heat the beaker of ice with a Bunsen burner. Step 4: Record the temperature on the thermometer every minute.
Step 5: Continue until the ice has melted into water and the water has boiled for a few minutes.
1 Draw the investigation set-up that Freda and Paul would have used. Remember to label your diagram.
2 Freda and Paul had the option of using an alcohol thermometer or a digital thermometer. What advice would you give them when choosing one over the other?
3 What safety precautions should Freda and Paul have observed during the investigation?
The following is the data set that Freda and Paul collected during this investigation. Time
Freda and Paul’s teacher was happy with the investigation they carried out, but had one tip for them on how to improve their results table.
4 Can you see how Freda and Paul might have improved their results table?
After completing their results table, Freda and Paul decided to represent their data on a graph. Before graphing their data, Freda reminded Paul of the hints their teacher had given them for drawing graphs:
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170 Make sure that the scale on each axis is correct.
Label the x-axis and the y-axis and do not forget to include units. Plot the points and join the points together. Always make sure that the graph has a title.
Always put the quantity that you control on the x-axis.
