Index


Index A


abiotic factors 96, 105 absorption 130 acceleration 288–9 acid mine drainage (AMD) 92–3 acid rain 165, 431


acids and bases 223–31 acids 223 alkali 224 bases 224, 225 concentration of 225 corrosive substances 224–5 ethanoic acid 223, 225 litmus indicator 227 neutralisation 228–31 pH and indicators 226–7 reactions of acids 231 titration 228–9 using safely 224–5


activation energy 208 adaptations 98–9 agricultural pollution 429 agriculture 52–3, 429, 434–5 air, inhaled and exhaled 140–1 air pollution 106, 386, 430, 431, 433


air pressure in tyres 299 albinism 65 alcohol 41 alkali metals 240, 241 alkaline earth metals 240, 241 alkalis 224–5, 226 alloys 183 alnico 183 Alpha Centauri 369 alternating current (a.c.) 326, 327


alveoli 139, 140 Amazon rainforest 428 ammeter 317, 322 Amoeba proteus 85 amplitude 339, 446 anaemia 40 analogue signal 349, 350, 351 anhydrous copper sulfate 35, 57


animal cells 22, 24, 25 animals 85, 103–4, 428 antibiotics 87, 88 antimatter 367 anus 133 aorta 135


Apollo mission 442 aqua regia 223 Archimedes’ principle 301 area, measurement of 263 Armstrong, Neil 441, 442, 448


arteries 135 ascorbic acid 223 asexual reproduction of plants 116–19


assimilation 130 asteroids 370 astronauts 441, 442, 443 atmosphere 368, 392–4 atmospheric pressure 299, 395 atomic number 177 atomic structure 176, 178–9 atoms 173, 174, 176–7 atoms in reactions 244–7


chemical bonds 244–5 covalent bonding 246–7


covalent substances, properties of 247


ionic bonding 245–6


ionic substances, properties of 247


rearranging atoms 244 Aurorae borealis 309


B bacteria 86–8 Baked Alaska 340 baking powder 229 balance of nature 95, 97 balanced diet 36–9 bases see acids and bases batteries 318, 320 bees 97, 230 behavioural adaptations 98, 99 bending light 334–5, 355 BER scaling 279 Berners-Lee, Sir Tim 351 bias 13 bicarbonate of soda 230 Big Bang Theory 366, 367 Big Bang Theory, The (TV series) 366


binary fi ssion 86 binary number 350 binomial nomenclature 83 biodiversity 83, 429 biological magnetometer 309 biological therapies 72 biology 19 biomass 100, 415 biome 95 biomolecules 33–4, 36 bioremediation 92–3, 434 biosphere 95, 428–31 biotechnology 76, 87, 435 biotic factors 96, 97 birds 69, 309


birth 146 bits and bytes 350–1 black bread mould 85 blood 134–5 blood pressure 137 blood transfusions 134 blood types 134 blood vessels 135 Body Mass Index (BMI) 39 body temperature 49 Bohr, Niels 177, 178 boiling 160, 161 boiling point 161, 162, 197 bouncing light 333 Boyle, Robert 174 brass 183 bronchioles 139 bronchus 139 bronze 183 Bryophyllum 117 Buchner, Eduard 47 buds 111, 118 bulbs 118 buoyancy 301 burette 228 Burnell, Jocelyn Bell 447 by-products 197


C cacti 96


calcium carbonate CaCo3 216, 217, 224, 230


camoufl age 98 cancer 72–3 cancer treatments 72 capillaries 135, 137, 140 carbohydrates 33, 34


carbon 383 isotopes of 179


carbon cycle 385–6


carbon dioxide (CO2) 50, 214, 216–17, 393


carbon footprint 165, 386, 436 carbon monoxide (CO) 239 carbon sink 385 carbon source 385 carbonic acid 223, 393 carnivores 100 carpels 120, 121 catalase 215, 234–5 catalysts 47, 213, 215, 431 cathode ray tubes 356 Cavendish, Henry 391 celestial bodies 368–71, 378–9 cell membrane 24


cell structure 24–5 cell wall 24 cells 18, 22–3, 26 Celsius 343 Centaurus galaxy 447 cerebral palsy 30 CERN (particle accelerator facility) 13, 351, 357 Cernan, Gene 441 chain reaction 417, 419 chemical bonds 244–5


chemical change 166 law of conservation of mass 166 versus physical change 166–7


chemical formulae 248–51 chemical equations 254–5 coeff icient and subscript 248 compounds 249 covalent compounds 250, 251 formulae and equations 254 ionic compounds 249–50 naming compounds 249 using the periodic table 249–50 valency 251


chemical reactions 205 activation energy 208 catalysts and rate of reaction 213


collision theory 208 combustion reactions 237–8


concentration and rate of reaction 211–13


endothermic 206, 207 energy profi le diagrams 207 exothermic 206, 207, 237 fi re triangle 239


incomplete combustion of a fuel 239


oxygen in air 238–9 particle size 212 rate of reaction 208–13 rate of reaction graphs 209


surface area and rate of reaction 212–13


temperature and rate of reaction 210–12, 220–1


types of 237–9


chemical symbols 174 chemotherapy 72 chlorination of water 390


chlorine 190 isotopes of 179


chlorophyll 50 chloroplast 25, 50 chromatography 196 chromosome mutation 72 chromosomes 63, 64, 66 circulatory system 134–7 citric acid 223 classifi cation 83


455


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