Index


breaking down plastics 199 climate change 430, 438 and domestic waste 430


global warming 165, 430–1, 435, 438–9


greenhouse eff ect 430, 431


impact of producing materials 165


and industry 429–30 ozone layer 394 pollution 429


Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 434


enzymes 47–8 and pH 234–5


equilibrium 292 errors, random errors 266–7 ethanoic acid 223, 225 ethanol 162 evaporation 161–3, 196, 389


evolution 69 adaptation 98 artifi cial selection 71 Darwin’s theory 69–70 dog breeds 71 heredity and 69 natural selection 68–9


excretion 130 exhalation 141 exosphere 394 exothermic reactions 206, 207, 237


expansion 342 extinction 428 eye


cones in retina 337 cornea 335 iris 335 lens 335 optic nerve 335 pupil 335 retina 335, 337 rods in retina 337


F fairtrade 435 family planning 147 fats 33, 34 fauna 97 female reproductive system


142–3 cervix 143 fallopian tube 143 ovaries 142–3 ovulation 143 uterus 143 vagina 143


fertilisation 145 fi bre 33, 36 fi ghter jets 283 fi ltration 196, 390 fi re extinguishers 217, 239


fi re safety 239 fi re triangle 239 fi ve-digit limb 70 fi zzy drinks 167, 217, 223 Flavobacterium 88 fl eas 288 fl oating and sinking 300–1 fl ora 97


fl owering plants artifi cial asexual reproduction 119


asexual reproduction 116–19


exchange of gases with atmosphere 115


the fl ower 120–1


natural asexual reproduction 117–18


processes of 114–15


response to changes in environment 115


sexual reproduction 120–3


stages of sexual reproduction 121–3


structure of 111–13


fl owers 120–1 anthers 120 carpels 120 fi laments 120 ovary 121 stamens 120 stigma 121 style 121


fl uoridation of water 390 fl yby missions 448 ‘foggy’ windows 163 food chain 100 food labels 36, 37 food pyramid 38 food tests 33–5 food web 100–1 football physics 343 force fi eld 374


forces balanced 292 changing shapes 294–5 contact forces 290 drag forces 293 dynamic equilibrium 292 equilibrium 292 fl oating and sinking 300–1 force meter 291 friction 292, 293 interaction pairs 291, 443 measuring 291 moving faster and slower 292–3 newton meter 291 non-contact forces 290 pressure 296–9 pushes and pulls 290 reaction force 294 unbalanced 292


forensics 315 fossil fuels 413–14, 430


and acid rain 431 non-renewable 413


fracking 199 fractional distillation 198 Franck, James 223 freezing 160 friction 293 fructose 48 fungi 83, 85


G galaxies 366–7 Galileo 445 gallium 162 gall stones 133 gametes 64, 73, 120 gas giants 372 gas pressure 299 gas state 157


gases carbon dioxide gas 216–17 displacement 214 methods for collecting gas 214 noble gases 245 oxygen gas 214–16 production of 214–17 properties of 156


Geim, Andre 421 genes 63, 65 genetic crosses 66 genetic engineering 76–7 genetic modifi cation 435


genetics 63–7 acquired characteristics 63 dominant traits 65 evolution and 68 genetic crosses 66 inherited characteristics 63 investigating inheritance 80–1 recessive traits 65 traits 63, 65


genetic variation 68 genus 83 geocentric 366 geothermal energy 415 geotropism 115 germination 123 global warming 165, 430–1, 435, 438–9


glow worms 211


glucose 47, 48, 50, 54, 115 factorising 55


gold (Au) 162, 174, 175 Golden Record 449 Golden rice 76 graft ing 119 graphene 12, 421 gravity 374–5 greenhouse eff ect 165, 430, 431


H


habitat study 102–5, 106 abundance 105 data presentation and analysis 108–9


distribution 105 equipment 103 frequency 104


identifi cation (dichotomous) key 104


line transect 105


measurement of abiotic factors 105


observations of interactions 105 percentage cover 104 quadrat 102, 104, 105, 108–9 qualitative survey 102–3 quantitative survey 104


habitats 95, 98 and bioremediation 434 conservation 428, 432 destruction of 428, 431, 432


Hadfi eld, Chris 349, 443 haemoglobin 135 haemophiliacs 73 Hahn, Otto 417 Hale telescope 445 Halley’s Comet 371 Hawk-Eye technology 331 hay fever 121 health, analysing Ireland’s health 150–1


hearing 338–9


heart 136–7 atria 136 septum 136 ventricles 136


heartbeat rhythm 353


heat 55 contraction 342 eff ects on matter 342–3 expansion 342 temperature 343


heat transfer 340–1 conduction 340 convection 341 radiation 341


Heimlich manoeuvre 139 heliocentric 366 herbivores 100 Herschel, William 445 hibernation 99 Higgs boson 357 high blood pressure 41 Hoff mann voltameter 391 Holland, Laura 92 homeostasis 48–9 Homo sapiens 83 Hooker telescope 445 Hubble, Edwin 367, 445 Hubble telescope 445


457


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