An ultrasound scan, also called a sonogram, uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the inside of the body.
A transmitter sends ultrasound waves into the body. The waves are then reflected back from organs and the spaces between them. These reflections (echoes) are detected by a receiver, which creates the image.
Ultrasound is a safe way of monitoring babies during pregnancy. It can also be used to view other organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys.
a F Ships use
ultrasound to calculate sea depths. A beam of ultrasound is sent through the water. Its echo is detected by a receiver. Knowing the time it took to detect the echo and the speed of the ultrasound wave, the crew can calculate the depth of the water.
Fig. 20.2.7 A doctor performing an ultrasound on a pregnant woman Endoscopy
Surgeons can use an endoscope to look inside the body without having to make large cuts.
An endoscope is made up of wires of flexible glass called optical fibres. Light is shone through one of the fibres to light up the inside of the body. This light is then passed through a lens in the endoscope and back up to a computer screen, creating a clear image of the inside of the body.
Fig. 20.2.8 An endoscopic operation High-speed internet
Optical fibres can also be used to transmit an internet broadband feed. Research the advantages of fibre-optic broadband over traditional broadband transmitted through metal wires.
