Acids and Bases Energy changes in a neutralisation reaction
Plan, design, carry out and write up an investigation into the temperature changes that take place when the following acid–base reactions are carried out: z z
zz zz
Sodium hydroxide reacting with hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide reacting with sulfuric acid. Sodium hydroxide reacting with ethanoic acid.
1. How will you make sure this is a fair test? 2. What precautions will you take when measuring the temperature change? 3. What will your results table look like? 4. What graph will you use to best represent the data you have collected? 5. Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction between an acid and a base. 6. A neutralisation reaction releases energy. What term is used to describe this type of reaction?
Reactions of Acids
We have already looked at the reactions between an acid and a base and an acid and a carbonate. Many metals also react with acids.
When a metal and an acid react, they produce a salt and hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas is very reactive and burns with a pop.
Dropping funnel
Dilute
hydrochloric acid Delivery tube
Gas collected in test tube
13.3
Conical flask
Water
Test for gas with lighting splint
Zinc Beehive shelf
Remember: Acid + base
z Fig. 13.3.9
The set-up to investigate the reaction between a metal and an acid to produce hydrogen gas
Salt + water
Acid + carbonate Salt + water + carbon dioxide Acid + metal
