12.2 Reading


linking ideas in a text • quoting and paraphrasing


A Discuss the following questions. 1 Why should countries ratify UN treaties?


2 How can the UN ensure that a country complies with the provisions of a treaty after it has been ratified?


B Survey the text on the opposite page. What will the text be about? Write three questions to which


you would like answers. C Read the text. Does it answer your questions?


D Write down three reasons why Browning believes the US government:


a did not ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child


b should give its final approval to the CRC


E For each paragraph: 1 Identify the topic sentence.


2 Think of a suitable title.


F Look at the underlined words in the text. What do they refer back to?


G Study the highlighted words and phrases. 1 What do they have in common?


2 What linking words or phrases can you use to show:


 addition?  contrast?


 concession?  result?  reason?


3 Write the sentences with the highlighted items again, using other linking words with similar meanings.


H Read the text on the right. A student has written about the US government’s reluctance to give


final approval to the CRC, but the quotations and paraphrases have not been correctly done. Can you spot the mistakes and correct them?


I Write a paragraph for a university lecturer, summarizing the arguments for and against the


US ratifying the CRC. 96


As Browning (2006) explains that although the United States helped write the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, it was the only member of the UN, apart from Somalia, not to ratify this treaty. He argues that the United States should ratify the Convention based on an interpretation of the Convention in light of the meaning of statements about family and children in the earlier Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, he also makes the point that arguments by the US for not ratifying the treaty become ‘reasons to pause and reflect’. According to Browning, he says UHDR statements regarding families and children that ‘made in the UDHR still, for the most part, hold in the CRC.’


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