12 HUMAN RIGHTS LAW


Skills bank Structuring a research report


A research report is an account of some research which has been undertaken to find out about a situation or a phenomenon, e.g., What do members of staff think of our equal opportunities provisions?


 Introduction  Methods


introduce topic; background information; reasons for research research questions; how research was carried out


 Findings/results answers to research questions  Discussion  Conclusion


issues arising from findings; limitations of research


summary of main findings; implications; recommendations; possibilities for further research


Writing introductions and conclusions


Introduction 


Introduce the topic of the report.  Say why the topic is important.  Give background information.  Give an outline of the report plan.


Note: No substantial information; this belongs in the body of the report.


Conclusion 





Summarize the main points in the report without repeating unnecessarily.


Make some concluding comments such as likely implications or recommendations.


Note: No new information; all the main points should be in the body of the report.


Deciding when to quote and when to paraphrase


When referring to sources, you will need to decide whether to quote directly or to paraphrase/summarize. 


 Paraphrase/summarize descriptions and factual information.


Incorporating quotations 


Use an introductory verb.


 Don’t forget the quotation marks. 


 Show any missing words with ‘…’.


Make the quote fit the grammar of the sentence.


Quote when the writer’s words are special or show a particularly clever use of language. This is often the case with strongly stated definitions or opinions.


 Copy the original words exactly. 





Add emphasis with italics and write ‘[emphasis added]’.


Add words which are not in the original but are necessary to fully understand the quotation out of context. Put the extra word(s) in brackets.


Do not quote more than one sentence within the body of a paragraph.


If you want to quote two or three sentences, put a colon and write the quote as indented text, so that it clearly stands out from the body of your essay.


However, think very carefully before you include a long quote. It is usually better to paraphrase in this case.


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