Vocabulary focus
• words from general English with a special meaning in law • prefixes and suffixes
Skills focus
Listening • preparing for a lecture • predicting lecture content from the introduction • understanding lecture organization • choosing an appropriate form of notes • making lecture notes
Speaking • speaking from notes
• English–English dictionaries: headwords · definitions · parts of speech · phonemes · stress markers · countable/uncountable · transitive/intransitive
• stress patterns in multi-syllable words • prefixes
Reading • using research questions to focus on relevant information in a text • using topic sentences to get an overview of the text
Writing
• writing topic sentences • summarizing a text
Listening • preparing for a lecture • predicting lecture content • making lecture notes • using different information sources
Speaking • reporting research findings • formulating questions
• computer jargon • abbreviations and acronyms • discourse and stance markers • verb and noun suffixes
• word sets: synonyms, antonyms, etc. • common lecture language
• synonyms, replacement subjects, etc. for sentence-level paraphrasing
• compound nouns • fixed phrases from legal English • fixed phrases from academic English • common lecture language
• synonyms • nouns from verbs • definitions • common ‘direction’ verbs in essay titles (discuss, analyse, evaluate, etc.)
Reading • identifying topic development within a paragraph • using the Internet effectively • evaluating Internet search results
Writing • reporting research findings
Listening • understanding ‘signpost language’ in lectures • using symbols and abbreviations in note-taking
Speaking • making effective contributions to a seminar
Reading • locating key information in complex sentences Writing
Listening • understanding speaker emphasis
Speaking • asking for clarification • responding to queries and requests for clarification
Reading • understanding dependent clauses with passives Writing
• reporting findings from other sources: paraphrasing • writing complex sentences
5 6 7
• paraphrasing • expanding notes into complex sentences • recognizing different essay types/structures: descriptive · analytical · comparison/evaluation ·argument
• writing essay plans • writing essays
• fixed phrases from legal English • fixed phrases from academic English
Listening • using the Cornell note-taking system • recognizing digressions in lectures
Speaking • making effective contributions to a seminar • referring to other people’s ideas in a seminar
• ‘neutral’ and ‘marked’ words • fixed phrases from legal English • fixed phrases from academic English
Reading • recognizing the writer’s stance and level of confidence or tentativeness • inferring implicit ideas
Writing
• writing essays • using direct quotations • compiling a bibliography/reference list
• words/phrases used to link ideas (moreover, as a result, etc.) • stress patterns in noun phrases and compounds • fixed phrases from academic English
• verbs used to introduce ideas from other sources (X contends/suggests/asserts that …)
• linking words/phrases conveying contrast (whereas), result (consequently), reasons (due to), etc.
• words for quantities (a significant minority)
Listening • recognizing the speaker’s stance • writing up notes in full
Speaking • building an argument in a seminar • agreeing/disagreeing
Reading • understanding how ideas in a text are linked Writing
• deciding whether to use direct quotation or paraphrase • incorporating quotations • writing research reports • writing effective introductions/conclusions
12 11 10 9 8 4 3 2
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5
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