Vocabulary bank
Recognizing fixed phrases from legal English (1) There are many fixed phrases in the field of law. Examples: Phrase
Meaning in the discipline
display of goods competitive tender
invitation to treat breach of contract
items available in a shop that customers can make offers to buy
a bid against other companies for a contract, giving information about the price and the service to be provided
an invitation to open negotiations with a view to forming a contract
a situation where a binding agreement is not honoured by one of the parties
Keep a list of fixed phrases used in legal English and remind yourself regularly of the meaning.
Recognizing fixed phrases from academic English (1)
There are also a large number of fixed phrases which are commonly used in academic English in general. Examples: Phrase
What comes next? As we have seen …
An important concept is … As you can see, …
As shown in …
…in such a way that … In addition to (X, Y)
As well as (X, Y) In the case of …
At the same time, … …based on … Bear in mind (that) … The point is …
in order to (do X, Y) In financial terms, … In other words, …
Looking at it another way, … In this way … Say …
What do I mean by (X)? a reminder of previous information one of the basic points underlying the topic
a reference to an illustration OR a logical conclusion from previous information
a reference to a diagram, table, case, etc. a result of something
X = reminder of last point, Y = new point a reference to a particular topic or, more often, sub topic
an action or idea which must be considered alongside another action or idea
a piece of research, a theory, an idea
key information which helps to explain (or limit in some way) previous information
the basic information underlying an explanation X = objective, Y = necessary actions/conditions the cost of something previously mentioned
the same information put in a different way
a result from previous information an example
an explanation of X Make sure you know what kind of information comes next. 60
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