7 CONTRACT LAW 1: CONSIDERATION


Skills bank ‘Given’ and ‘new’ information in sentences


In English, we can put important information at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. There are two types of important information.


1 Information which the listener or reader already knows, from general knowledge or from previous information in the text. This can be called ‘given’ information. It normally goes at the beginning of the sentence.


2 Information which is new in this text. This can be called ‘new’ information. It normally goes at the end of a sentence.


Example:


In Lesson 2, the lecturer is talking about the doctrine of consideration in general = given information.


Given One exception is New the later promise. Perhaps the later promise can be linked to the initial request. Giving sentences a special focus


We sometimes change the normal word order to emphasize a particular point, e.g., a person or case, an object, a time. Examples:


Normal sentence Focusing on case Focusing on time


Chappell v Nestlé established the rule that consideration need not be adequate.


It was Chappell v Nestlé which …


Focusing on object It was the rule that consideration need not be adequate that was established in Chappell v Nestlé.


It was in the early 1960s that Chappell v Nestlé …


Introducing new information We can use special structures to introduce a new topic. Examples:


The doctrine of consideration is my subject today.  What I am going to talk about today is the doctrine of consideration.


Consideration is very important.  What is very important is consideration.


Money causes the problem.  The reason for the problem is money.


Lack of consideration leads to the contract being void.  The result of lack of consideration is that the contract will be void.


Clarifying points


When we are speaking, we often have to clarify points. There are many expressions which we can use.


Examples:


Let me put it another way … Look at it this way …


What I’m trying to say is … The point/thing is …


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