10.3 Extending skills
essay types • essay plans
A Read the three essay questions. What types of essay are they?
B Look at text A on the opposite page. Copy and complete the first part of Table 1.
1 Give the relevant facts of the case. 2 Think of possible charges and defences. 3 What do you think was the verdict?
C Look at text B on the opposite page about the case in text A. Complete the other rows of Table 1.
1 Which charge is most likely in this case? 2 What is the likely verdict?
D Read the title of essay 3 again. 1 Study a plan of this essay (Resource 10D).
2 Feed back on your research after Lesson 2. 3 Write some notes for paragraph 3.
4 What is the key element in evaluation of solutions in paragraph 4?
5 Complete the essay plan. 10.4 Extending skills writing complex sentences • references • quotations
A Expand these simple sentences. Add extra information. Use the ideas you discussed in Lesson 3. 1 Did the action of A cause the death of B?
2 For example, A threatens B and B dies of a heart attack.
3 Or A threatens B and B falls down stairs and dies.
4 The judge must guide the jury on causation. B Copy and complete Tables 1–3.
Refer to the reference list (C) on the opposite page.
C What do the abbreviations in the blue box mean?
D Look back at the text on page 81 (Lesson 2) and at text B on the opposite page.
Table 1: Referencing books Author(s) Date
Table 2: Referencing journals Name of journal
Table 3: Referencing websites Retrieval date URL
& © cf. edn. ed(s). et al. ibid. n.d. op. cit. p. pp. vol.
1 Find all the research sources (e.g., Card et al. 1995). Mark any page or paragraph numbers next to the correct reference in the list (C) on the opposite page.
2 Find all the direct quotes in the texts. What punctuation and formatting is used before and within each direct quote? Why?
3 What words are used to introduce each direct quote? Why does the writer choose each word? 82 Place Volume Publisher Pages
1 Person A causes the death of Person B. What will be the charge, in the English legal system? Compare the types of homicide, using the levels of mens rea.
2 Explain from a legal viewpoint how the courts have interpreted involuntary manslaughter and how recent case law has changed the interpretation.
3 Describe, with some actual examples, the problems faced by the courts in establishing causation in manslaughter. Consider how the courts can best address these difficulties.
Table 1
Relevant facts of case
Possible charges
Possible defences
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