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COVID-19


Drainage system The City of Cape Town confirmed that the existing municipal sewer reticulation system was at capacity and these limitations would not be able to accommodate additional sewer drainage from this facility. Coupled to this was the challenge of the existing post-tensioned floor slab, so new drainage lines could not be cut into this floor. As a result, drainage from the sanitary-


ware fixtures was pumped overhead into reticulation pipes falling to the 10 x 10,000 litre HDPE above-ground conservancy tanks. It was envisaged that the tanks would be emptied once to three times a day and transported to the sewerage works via tankers.


Figure 5. Plan of building.


The HVAC system was designed to be a 100 per cent fresh air system with no recirculation of air, and supplies tempered air at 22˚C to the ward area as well as to areas where clinicians see patients. The fresh air ventilation design was based on 6ACH (six air changes per hour). However, due to the high roof structure (±21 metres) that created the large warehouse volume, it was decided to rationalise the volume to a height of three metres. The height and position of the supply diffusers and extraction grilles was important to adequately ventilate the space and ensure proper mixing of air. The principle was that the supply air diffusers be located between the foot-end of the beds, while the extraction grilles are located above the bedhead, to ensure an air path away from clinicians seeing to patients. The bed ward area was designed as a negative pressure space with the exhaust outlet located at high level to ensure that the discharged air could not be entrained back into the facility. Due to the rapid nature of this project, purpose-made air handling units (AHU) were not an option due to the long lead times of manufacturing these units (typically four to six weeks). Therefore, the bed ward areas were air conditioned by means of a series of rooftop packaged AC units that provided tempered fresh air (no recirculation) to the space. However, these units have a limited band of acceptable on-coil temperatures that they can operate in. Usually, return air is used to either raise


or lower the on-coil temperatures, but in this case only outside air was drawn into the unit as it was to function as a 100 per cent fresh air system. To bring this outside air to within the acceptable band of on- coil temperatures, some of the supply air was bypassed directly back to the intake of the unit. The system still functions as a 100 per cent fresh air system, but the by- pass arrangement assisted in making the on-coil temperatures more acceptable during extreme outdoor temperatures.


IFHE DIGEST 2022


Water systems A rational approach was taken with regards to the domestic water storage volume required. The domestic water storage volume was based on a 12-hour storage requirement, which equated to 40,000 litres (250 L/patient/day), and as provided in water tanks. It was envisaged that potable water tankers would be deployed to top up the water storage tanks in the event that the municipal water supply to the facility was interrupted for a prolonged period. A new central hot water generation


system was provided for this facility, which consisted of air to water heat pumps and hot water storage tanks. The hot water design was based on a rationalised storage volume of 20 litres per bed, per day, based on historical data from district hospitals.


Electrical supply Power supply to the Brackengate Hospital of Hope was upgraded from a 315 kVA miniature substation supply for two


Figure 6. Picture of rainbow.


buildings to a 750 kVA bulk supply via 11 kV from City of Cape Town, supplying the existing 315 kVA minisub, and adding a 500 kVA minisub as a dedicated supply to the hospital building. For emergency standby supply to the hospital, a 350 kVA generator was supplied by Western Cape Department of Health and a new 800A changeover board (red cabinet) was installed by the contractor to switch to standby power from the 500 kVA minisub.


Warehouse insulation The existing large volume warehouse with uninsulated walls posed a challenge to thermal control. This is due to the external load imposed by uninsulated sheeting as well as the tendency of air to stratify across large volume spaces, which in turn increases the external losses particularly in heating mode – indoor design conditions (21°C±3°C). There was a significant draft and infiltration into the existing warehouse


Figure 7. Interior. 81


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