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COVID-19


Figure 2. Facade and main access to the COVID-19 Campaign Hospital in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro.


warehouses and unoccupied land, with few remaining as a legacy for healthcare after its ephemeral usage during the pandemic. The novelty of the research has


no parallel in its extension and breadth as a publication of a book on architecture and engineering for hospital architecture in Latin America. It also intends to serve as a reflection for all healthcare professionals who are interested in learning that good design solutions can bring, just as the failures of hospital buildings serves to prevent the reproduction of such models.


A panoramic view of Brazil Throughout the months of March, April and May 2020, the experiences with buildings that were built or adapted for emergency care to COVID-19 had already reached all five geographic regions of Brazil. In the far north of the country, there were three common programmes for the emergency care, such as field hospitals. They are: l Back-end units within an existing unit, which correspond to an expansion of the existing unit in areas of lesser criticality that will entail lower risks, implementation time and costs.


l Another aspect considered relevant in the architectural definition of the building is linked to the flexibility of use for healthcare situations after the pandemic period. The project was conceived with solutions and concepts that would allow for easier and faster changes, with practical technologies and materials applicable to the infrastructure and other facilities, building facilities and special hospitals.


Figure 3. Floorplan of the COVID-19 Campaign Hospital’s main modules.†


1. Hospital Do Subúrbio City: Salvador, Bahia. Total built area: 1,200 square metres. Beds: 373 beds - 253 hospital beds in the ward and 60 in intensive care. Project author: Department of Health of the State of Bahia (SESAB). The main objectives of the works are


l More complex units within the existing therapy unit, which correspond to an expansion of the existing unit in areas of greater criticality such as, for example, intensive care unit (ICU) beds or surgical centres, and generate a greater need for infrastructure that will entail greater risks, implementation time and costs.


l Independent units corresponding to a new hospital unit covering several areas in their various functions, such as the ICU, imaging equipment, laboratory, sterilised material centre and complete support structure.


Examples of hospital buildings presented below are intended to convey an overview of the diversity found in the scenarios set out by the impact of the disease COVID-19 in 2020 and the first half of 2021 in Brazil.


IFHE DIGEST 2022


as follows: l Separation of flows of patients with different illnesses and dedicated care team according to the characteristics of the patients.


l Construction of a temporary tent next to the hospital with 60 beds for the ICU. l Construction of new ICU beds (Fig 1).


2. COVID-19 campaign hospital City: Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. Total built area: 11,420 square metres. Beds: 50 beds, 20 in the ICU. Project author: Architect Celso Girafa. l The project design of the COVID-19 Campaign Hospital in the city of Nova Iguaçu in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro considered the spatial organization of the flow and circulation of patients and professionals as a key element in the action of disease control in the built environment.


l The architect Celso Girafa, coordinator of the Arqhos Consultoria e Projetos Co., who is responsible for the architectural project, was determined to design a solution that would be feasible to execute in the short term and with the use of practical and accessible construction systems (Figs 2&3).


3. Hospital Independência annex City: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Total built area: 842 square metres. Beds: 160 beds, 20 in the ICU. Project author: Brasil ao Cubo. l The construction of the Hospital Independência annex began in April 2020, the month after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic. The project was completed at the end of May 2020.


l The hospital unit has 12 rooms, ten of which are collective and two individuals, in addition to nursing stations and other environments necessary for the functioning of care


Figure 4. Detail of the access ramp to the Hospital Independência annex.


47


©Celso Girafa, 2021


©Celso Girafa, 2021


©Brasil ao Cubo, 2021


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