Wildmeat sales 719


FIG. 1 The Mafou area of High Niger National Park indicating the location of the main urban centre, Faranah, and villages located within the Park, including the study villages Mansiramoribaya, Sidakoro and Koumandi Koura (adapted from Brugière & Magassouba, 2009).


the same three villages and during the same months (August–November). Our data from the urban centre of Faranah were compared to those of Humle & Konate (2015), collected in 2011, and Ziegler (1996), collected in 1994, 1995 and 1996, during the same months (September– November). All statistical analyses were performed SPSS 20.0 (IBM


Corp., Armonk, USA). We used a one-way ANOVA fol- lowed by a least significance difference post hoc test to assess differences in mean monthly number of carcasses recorded and biomass of hunted species in urban and rural areas across years. A χ2 test was used to explore associations between frequencies of carcasses by weight and wildlife categories across years. For χ2 tests with more than a 2 × 2 contingency design, z-scores based on the adjusted stan- dardized residuals were used to assess the cells’ contribution to any significant results, with values.|1.96| indicating sig- nificance at P,0.05. Statistical significance for all other inferential statistics was at P,0.05.


Results


The market surveys revealed that birds, mammals and rep- tiles were traded. We recorded a total of 1,162 carcasses of 42 wild animal species in 21 families, corresponding to 21,314 kg of biomass in the three villages and Faranah (Supplementary Tables 1 & 2). Taxa of eight families were recorded in both urban and rural areas (Bovidae, Hystrici- dae,Canidae,Cercopithecidae,Nesomyidae,Thryonomyidae,


Suidae, Numididae), and Bovidae, Hystricidae, Cercopithe- cidae, Thryonomyidae and Suidae were the most commonly recorded taxa in both areas. The Suidae included two spe- cies: the red river hog Potamochoerus porcus and the wart- hog Phacochoerus africanus. The consumption of Suidae is prohibited by Islam and, although the red river hog was already hunted and traded in 1994–1996, the presence of the warthog in the markets was first recorded in 2011,and in rural areas the number of carcasses doubled from 2011 to 2017 (Supplementary Table 2). For Faranah, therewas a significant difference in the mean


monthly number of carcasses recorded across years (one- wayANOVAF(4,10)= 3.308,P = 0.039), and the least signifi- cant difference post hoc test showed that the mean monthly number of carcasses recorded in 1996 was significantly great- er than in 1994, 2011 and 2017, but not than in 1995 (Fig. 2a). For the three villages, themeanmonthly number of carcasses in 2017 was significantly greater than in 2001 and 2011 (one- way ANOVA F(2,9)= 6.847,P = 0.016) but there were no significant differences between 2001 and 2011 (Fig. 2b). The monthly mean biomass exhibited the same patterns and sta- tistical differences across study periods in Faranah (except that a significantly greater biomass was recorded in both 1995 and 1996 than in other years) and the villages (one- way ANOVA, Faranah: F(4,10)= 6.327,P = 0.008;one-way ANOVA, villages: F(2,9)= 5.192,P = 0.032; Fig. 3). Overall, seven species were the most traded, comprising


.10%of all carcasses recorded inboth rural or urban settings. Six of these species were traded in both urban and rural areas: the greater cane rat, red-flanked duiker Cephalophus


Oryx, 2021, 55(5), 717–724 © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605319001443


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