Oryx


Editor Dr Martin Fisher FFI, UK


Managing Editor Julia Hochbach FFI, UK


Editorial Offi cer Emma Muench FFI, UK


Senior Editors Professor Bill Adams University of Cambridge, UK Professor Andrew Balmford, FRS University of Cambridge, UK Dr Porter P. Lowry II Missouri Botanical Garden, USA and France Dr Mike Maunder Cambridge Conservation Initiative, UK Professor Jeff rey A. McNeely T ailand Professor E. J. Milner-Gulland University of Oxford, UK Dr John G. Robinson Wildlife Conservation Society, USA Professor William Sutherland University of Cambridge, UK


International Board of Editors Dr Elizabeth L. Bennett USA Professor Neil Burgess Denmark Professor Lisa Campbell USA Dr Liana Chua UK Dr Jenny Daltry USA and UK Dr Aparajita Datta India Dr Abigail Entwistle UK Dr Joice Ferreira Brazil Dr Brendan Fisher USA Professor Brendan J. Godley UK Professor Rhys Green UK Dr George Holmes UK Professor Zhigang Jiang China Professor Julia Jones UK Dr K. Ullas Karanth India Professor Sandra Knapp UK Ashish Kothari India Professor Sarah Legge Australia


The International Journal of Conservation


ISSN 0030-6053 Fauna & Flora International A company limited by guarantee registered in England 2677068 Registered Charity 1011102


A non-profi t charitable institution ABN 75132715783 in Australia A non-profi t organization EIN #81-3967095 in the USA Twitter @FaunaFloraInt @OryxT eJournal


FFI, T e David Attenborough Building, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK Tel: +44 1223 571000; Fax: +44 1223 461481 E-mail info@fauna-fl ora.org fauna-fl ora.org


FFI Australia, c/o Purpose Accounting, 583 Elizabeth St, Redfern NSW 2016, Australia. E-mail ffi australia@fauna-fl ora.org FFI USA, 1720 N Street NW, Fourth Floor, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA. E-mail ffi usa@fauna-fl ora.org


Dr David Mallon UK Sara Oldfi eld, OBE UK Dr Kent H. Redford USA Dr Jon Paul Rodriguez Venezuela Dr Anthony B. Rylands USA Professor Philip Seddon New Zealand Dr Noah Sitati Kenya Dr Bob Smith UK Dr Paul Smith UK Professor Rashid Sumaila Canada Dr Matt Walpole UK


Fauna & Flora International Patron HRH T e Duke of Cambridge


President HRH Princess Laurentien of T e Netherlands


Vice Presidents Lisel Alamilla Baroness Valerie Amos, CH Sir Roy Anderson Sir David Attenborough, OM, FRS T e Lord Browne of Madingley, FR Eng Lindsay Bury Dee Caff ari Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken Field Marshal Sir John Chapple, GCB, CBE, DL Giles Clark Viscount Philippe de Spoelberch Dame Judi Dench, CH Dr Lee Durrell Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall Stephen Fry Rupert Goodman Edward Hoare Tim Jarvis Anders Johansson T e Lady Emma Kitchener, LVO Rove McManus Justin Mundy, LVO Blaine T. Phillips


Open access and publication charges Oryx (ISSN 0030-6053) is published six times per year (one volume per annum) in January, March, May, July, September and November. As a gold open access journal, Oryx is published without access restrictions and receives no subscription revenue. T e costs of publication are partially covered by an article processing charge levied upon authors, their funding bodies or institutions. T e 2021 charge is GBP 1,950/USD 2,950 for peer reviewed contributions. No charge is payable for Conservation News items, Letters, Letter Responses, Book Reviews or Editorials. Members of Fauna & Flora International receive a 15% discount on the article processing charge. Oryx is committed to supporting all conservationists, and discounts and waivers are available to authors unable to pay the full article processing charge. For full details visit oryxthejournal.org/about/open-access.


FFI Oryx member subscription Oryx membership of Fauna & Flora International starts from GBP 45 per year for concessions and GBP 85 for other members (or equivalent price in USD/EUR). For more information about FFI Oryx membership visit fauna-fl ora.org/appeals/oryx.


T e Rt Hon the Lord Randall of Uxbridge Dr Lisbet Rausing Dr Claudio Segré T e Rt Hon Mark Simmonds Hugh Sloane Victoria Stack Jon L. Stryker Andrew Sykes Antonio Versace Charles Whitbread, DL Dr Adrian Wilson James Wong T e Rt Hon Baroness Young of Old Scone Jochen Zeitz


Council Chair Hugo van Vredenburch Vice Chair Annette Lanjouw Treasurer Paul Baldwin


Jeff rey Blumberg Anna Gavazzi David Gibson Andrew Joy Benjamin Khalili Professor Sandra Knapp Richard Plackett Diana van de Kamp Kimberly Stewart Richard Walker


Chief Executive Offi cer Mark Rose


US Board of Directors President Professor Sandra Knapp Secretary Diana van de Kamp


Diane Alfano Millie Kerr


Australian Board of Directors Chairman Michael Forsdick


Nick Bubb Dr Angela Dwyer Jonny Wright


Internet access T is journal is freely available to read on Cambridge Core at cambridge.org/oryx. For other Press titles access cambridge.org.


Submission of manuscripts Guidelines for authors are available at oryxthejournal.org/authors/guidelines-for-authors. Manuscripts should be submitted at mc.manuscriptcentral.com/oryx.


Back volumes Print copies of the current volume and two previous volumes can be obtained from Cambridge University Press at Cambridge University Press, Journals Fulfi lment Department, University Printing House, Shaſt esbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8BS, UK; or in the USA, Canada and Mexico: Journals Fulfi lment Department, Cambridge University Press, 1 Liberty Plaza, Floor 20, New York, NY, 10006, USA. Requests for previous volumes should be directed to the editorial offi ce at oryx@fauna-fl ora.org.


Paper and printing Oryx is printed on FSC-certifi ed paper and cover board. FSC (fsc.org) is an independent, non-government, not-for-profi t organization established to promote the responsible management of the world’s forests. Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow.

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