Threatened mammals of India 661


Table 2 (Cont.) Species


Artiodactyla/Cervidae Barking deer Muntiacus muntjak


Sambar Rusa unicolor


Artiodactyla/Moschidae Musk deer Moschus spp.


Artiodactyla/Suidae Indian wild boar Sus scrofa


Rodentia/Hystricidae Indian porcupine Hystrix indica


Rodentia/Sciuridae Red giant flying squirrel Petaurista petaurista


Woolly flying squirrel Eupetaurus cinereus


Himalayan marmot Marmota himalayana


Five-striped palm squirrel Funambulus pennantii


Primates/Cercopithecidae Central Himalayan langur Semnopithecus schistaceus


Hanuman langur Semnopithecus entellus


Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta


Lagomorpha/Ochotonidae Royale’s pika Ochotona roylei


Tibetan woolly hare Lepus oiostolus


Large eared pika Ochotona curzoniae


Black naped hare Lepus nigricollis


Red List status1


Least Concern Vulnerable Endangered Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern


Endangered Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern Least


Concern


Present (N = 3)


Present (direct sighting, N= 1)


2.83 ± 1.72 (N = 88)


Present (direct sighting, N= 2)


2.42 ± 1.32 (N = 27)


Present (N = 3)


2.14 ± 1.23 (N = 16)


Present (direct sighting, N= 20)


3.80 ± 0.90 (N = 61)


Present (direct sighting, N= 5)


3,875–5,181 4,000–4,400 2,169–2,298


1According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2020). 2The brown bear Ursus arctos is categorized as Least Concern at species level, but the Himalayan brown bear U. arctos isabellinus is Endangered according to a separate subpopulation assessment (McLellan et al., 2016).


Redlands, USA). We used data from repeated sampling at the same sites (summer and winter) and incorporated site as a random effect variable. We used captures of species as the response variable and number of trap days (log- transformed) as offset, to account for variation in the trap- ping effort between sites. Habitat features (elevation, rug- gedness, slope) and anthropogenic pressures (capture rate of humans, dogs and livestock) were used as fixed predictor variables (Table 3). We acquired data on elevation from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Jarvis et al., 2008), at


a resolution of 1 × 1 km pixels. Slope and ruggedness were calculated from the elevation layer in ArcGIS. For the brown bear, we examined only summer data as they hiber- nate in winter, using a Poisson-distributed generalized linear model. We tested for the presence of over disper- sion in the dataset and selected the appropriate error distribution (i.e. Poisson, negative binomial). We also eval- uated the data for zero-inflation. We used Akaike’s infor- mation criterion adjusted for sample size (AICc) to rank models, and we considered the best supported models to


Oryx, 2021, 55(5), 657–667 © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605319001352


Present (N = 2)


12.49 ± 4.50 (N = 344)


2.15 ± 0.69 (N = 125)


3.85 ± 1.50 (N = 124)


4.80 ± 1.75 (N = 59)


Present (N = 3)


Subtropical Temperate


27.01 ± 6.25 (N = 425)


7.70 ± 2.50 (N = 72)


4.44 ± 1.74 (N = 193)


17.85 ± 4.06 (N = 651)


Present (N = 7)


5.17 ± 1.73 (N = 192)


2.25 ± 1.09 (N = 56)


Present (N = 10)


Present (N = 1)


11.17 ± 7.94 (N = 88)


Present (N = 5)


3.55 ± 1.29 (N = 140)


2.18 ± 0.90 (N = 36)


Alpine– subalpine


Trans-Himalaya


Elevation range (m)


509–3,090 500–3,500


2,915–3,878 509–3,663 509–3,274


1,500–3,000 2,700


4,180–4,608 500–1,300


509–3,663 500 509–4,505


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