Terms & Definitions • 9 affinity-based biosensor


Device able to detect the concentration of analytes by their specific binding with several biotransducers, such as receptors, aptamers or antibodies.


• 10 alignment


The data processing step where one corrects for artifacts created by the analytical instrumentation, for example, retention time (RT) variations or shifts along the m/z axis between samples. Alignment is critical for many mass spectrometry-based detection methods and separation approaches, as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data from complex samples. It must be performed to verify one-to-one correspondence between the variables being compared in order to accurately ascertain the differences in the chemical compositions between samples.


• 11 ambient ionization


Mass spectrometric analysis performed where gas phase ions are generated under ambient conditions outside the instrument and without sample preparation.


• 12 analyte


A specific chemical entity being quantified or otherwise determined, which can be an intact drug, biomolecule or its derivative, metabolite and/or degradation product in a biological matrix.


• 13 analyte fortification Addition of the compound of


interest to the biological matrix for


preparation of calibration standard or quality control samples. A common informal term is ‘spiking’.


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