merchant vessels against piracy. This increasing need and the development of ordnance precipitated the development of purpose built warships and a standing navy by the 14th century (Kemp 2002: 71).
41.
By the end of the medieval period the use of carvel construction techniques (flush laid planking fixed to frames), further developments in propulsion (single masts replaced by more complicated three or four mast rigs), increasing tonnages and the development of reliable navigation techniques and aids facilitated an even greater expansion of the trade routes. This period saw the advent of maritime exploration on a global scale as vessels from Europe reached the New World and, subsequently, mapped the spice routes to the Far East.
42. However, while the design and construction of larger ships was becoming increasingly formal and standardised, the range and types of smaller, vernacular craft are likely to have remained extensive with the use of simple rafts and skin or hide covered boats as well as wooden vessels associated with recreation, transport and fishing, for example. The wide range of historical influences upon the design of such vessels, coupled with the specific requirements of the local environment, suggest that the different types of vessels operating in the seas and rivers around Britain would have been numerous and diverse. Boats and ships from the Medieval and Early Tudor period are sufficiently rare that all examples are likely to be considered of special interest. The Early Ships and Boats project identified just 51 records with a date range that falls within the Medieval and Early Tudor period (1066 to 1540), comprising seven designated wrecks, 20 logboats (none of which were identified as surviving in an archaeological context), ten findspots, one historic vessel and 13 undesignated wrecks; a number of which are likely to post-date 1509 (Wessex Archaeology 2013:34).
1.3.3 1509 – 1815 AD 43.
Post-medieval shipwreck remains are better represented in the archaeological record than earlier periods although those subject to archaeological investigation are only a fraction of the numbers likely to have been lost. There are no known wrecks from this period within the Study Area although there are 34 documented losses, only one of which predates the advent of Lloyds List in 1741 (Figure 17.14) and Appendix 17.3, Section 1.2).
44.
Technological advances in the construction, fitting and arming of ships, and in navigation, sailing and steering techniques, continued into the post-medieval period. Traditions of shipbuilding for larger vessels continued to develop around the carvel technique while the form and construction of local craft remained diverse,
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Appendix 17.1 Potential Archaeological Receptors
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