TABLE 6.3 EXAMPLES OF WAYS TO MAKE SECTOR INVESTMENTS MORE NUTRITION SENSITIVE Examples of:
Agriculture Target groups Types of interventions
Producer families and women farmers
Behavior change related to specific nutrition practices
Crop choices: factor in nutritional value of crops
Breeding choices: factor in nutrient content (as in biofortification)
Postharvest choices: factor in nutrition in storage, pro- cessing, and preservation
Food safety practices: minimize contamination (such as by aflatoxins and E. coli)
Delivery channels
Agricultural extension and rural advisory services
Farmer field schools
Distribution centers for technologies and inputs
Microcredit and insurance mechanisms Market-based approaches
Impacts to aim for Improvements in dietary diversity and household diet quality
Improved dietary diversity and potentially nutrition status of children under two years old, women of reproductive age, pregnant and lactating women
Considerations
Women’s time and energy are scarce resources.
Women’s increased control may lead to recriminations against them.
What all sectors can do to strengthen
nutrition outcomes
Ensure safety nets do not negate nutritional objectives, such as by inadvertently promoting obesity.
Food for work/cash/voucher (asset programs)
Schools Health clinic services
Water, sanitation, and hygiene programs
Agricultural extension for food safety
Social and behavior-change commu- nication community campaigns
Community management of acute malnutrition programs
Potentially, improved nutrition status of children under two years old
Potentially, improved nutrition status of preg- nant women and children under two years old
Social norms need to be understood, respected, and taken into account.
Screen for early risk factors of obesity and noncommunicable diseases.
Social protection Women and girls
Children during first 1,000 days
Conditional cash transfers
School meals and condi- tional take-home rations (girls’ attendance at school)
Food supplements: nutri- tional supplements (protein and energy), micronutrient powders, fortified foods
Water, sanitation & hygiene Health systems
Children under two years of age and pregnant and lactating women
Prevention of feces ingestion Safe feces disposal
Total sanitation programs to focus on minimizing open defecation
Proper storage and handling of complementary foods Water treatment kits
Children during first 1,000 days
As many nutrition- specific interventions as possible embedded within health systems
Peer counseling and facil- ity-based promotion for the uptake of exclusive breastfeeding
Improved position of nutrition within health curricula and health professional training
Education Adolescent girls Family planning
School meals and take- home rations
Separate toilets for girls in schools
Instruction on childcare skills in schools
Community health workers
Social and behavior- change communication community campaigns
Formal education (primary, secondary, and beyond)
Literacy workshops Media campaigns
Community-based education
Potentially, birth outcomes: reduction in small-for-gestational- age and preterm births
Adopt school-based interdisciplinary inter- ventions to decrease overweight and obesity risk (including physical activity and healthy eating).
Make the case to other sectors that they can further their own sectoral goals by using a nutrition lens; include nutrition goals, indicators, and targets. Work with partners to use the nutrition lens to develop specific nutrition-enhancing practices and actions within their interventions.
Work in high-malnutrition areas; engage women in design and implementation; focus on key stages in life cycle; incorporate nutrition-specific interven- tions within broader platforms.
Source: For agriculture: UNSCN (2013); World Vision International (2014); International Fund for Agricultural Development (2014); Kurz (2013); ACF International (2013); Ruel and Alderman (2013); Herforth et al. (2012). For social protection: Ruel and Alderman (2013); Alderman (2014); UNICEF (2014d). For water, sanitation, and hygiene: Dangour et al. (2013); Guerrant et al. (2008); Humphrey (2009); Spears et al. (2013). For health: Fanzo et al. (2014); Tappenden et al. (2013). For education: Fanzo et al. (2014); Alderman (2014); Gortmaker et al. (1999); Gonzalez-Suarez et al. (2009). For agriculture, social protection, and health: World Bank (2013).
DATA GAPS 1. Data on food consumption and diet quality at the national and subnational levels are scarce.
2. Spending data on water, sanitation, and hygiene are needed and should be added to the Statistics of Public Expenditure for Eco- nomic Development (SPEED) database.
3. More evidence is needed on how to make programs and policies that address underlying drivers of malnutrition more nutrition sensitive. 4. More evidence is needed on how different classes of improved water and sanitation affect nutritional outcomes.
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GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014
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