TABLE 2.2 HOW NUTRITION CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) Proposed SDG
Contribution of nutrition to proposed SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Preventing stunting in children under 36 months old makes it less likely that they will live in households below the poverty line (Hoddinott et al. 2013).
Improved nutrition status boosts adult productivity and wages in heavy work.
Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding improve individual food security. Progress on two World Health Assembly (WHA) indicators—stunting and wasting—promotes nutrition security. A focus on prepregnancy and the first 1,000 days after conception reduces risk of low birth weight and improves women’s nutrition status.
Micronutrient malnutrition and girls’ stunting are linked to subsequent maternal mortality and low birth weight. Forty-five percent of all under-five deaths are linked to undernutrition (Black et al. 2013). Stunting is linked to the eventual onset of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and lower adult productivity. Reducing overweight and obesity will contribute to lower NCDs. Good nutrition is linked to healthy early childhood development. Poor nutrition increases morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable manage- ment of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustain- able, and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employ- ment, and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production
13. Urgent action to combat climate change and impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, etc.
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, inclusive institutions
17. Strengthen the means of implementation, and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
Children’s nutrition status in the first 1,000 days is linked to school grade completion and achievement. Good nutrition status improves intellectual capacity in children and adults.
Improving the nutrition status of girls, adolescents, and women increases their ability to perform well at school and in the workforce.
Improvements in nutrition outcomes help reinforce the need for action on water, sanitation, and hygiene as critical determinants of nutrition.
Lower mortality leads to lower fertility over the longer term, reducing population pressure on environmental resources.
Undernutrition cuts GNP by at least 8–11% (Horton and Steckel 2011). Preventing stunting leads to higher incomes.
Investing in children’s first 1,000 days improves school grade completion to support innovation. Analysis of stunting rates by wealth quintile demonstrates how current inequality perpetuates future inequality. Lower mortality leads to lower fertility over the longer term, reducing population pressure on environmental resources. Research on sustainable food systems and diets can offer structure and indicators to this policy debate. Lower mortality leads to lower fertility over the longer term, reducing population pressure on environmental resources. n.a. n.a. Efforts to strengthen nutrition accountability can be examples of cross-sector models.
National nutrition policies and plans developed by multistakeholder platforms can be examples of cross-sector models.
Source: Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (2014) and the authors of this report. Note: The proposed SDGs listed here are as of July 2014. n.a. = not applicable.
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GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014
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