TABLE A.5 APPLYING THE ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK TO THE REPORT’S OWN PROCESSES Stage in accountability cycle
1. Identify commitments (who pledged to do what, and by when?)
We highlight: • World Health Assembly (WHA) targets • N4G commitments • Charters/laws/policies/plans
Implicit: Without targets We highlight the direction and speed of change of indicators that evidence and theory suggest are good proxies for out- comes and determinants of nutrition status.
2. Track progress of a set of key indicators, some of which may have explicit commitments
• We observe a set of 84 indicators for as many coun- tries as possible.
• Some indicator progress is against time-bound targets, and some is not.
• Some progress can be verified (for example, nutrition status data from surveys, adherence to national implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes), and some cannot (that is, self-reported indicators for which there is no capacity to verify, such as civil society organization spending).
3. Identify accountability (has commitment been met?)
4. Use the accountability
We identify which commitments are or are not met in a transparent way in the report, with an emphasis on how to relieve bottlenecks.
The report seeks to create a series of real and virtual spaces and tools (such as a data visualization and two-page nutrition country profiles) for civil society to hold committers to account and for committers to provide their perspectives (through blogs, panels, and 10 report launches).
5. Respond to accountability
In subsequent reports, commitments will be updated and progress against them will be tracked with follow-up panels and highlights.
Source: Authors, based on Kraak et al. (2014) and te Lintelo (2014).
We take care to avoid counterproductive “naming and shaming.”
Other than the pressure of public opinion, there are few formal ways to create incentives to meet commitments or sanctions for failure to meet them. Sanctions that are too strong may reduce the number of commitments.
To some extent, we must rely on self-reporting.
• Data quality and availability vary among indicators. • Many indicators are self-reported. • We signal issues of variable quality.
Actions to promote accountability at this stage Comments Explicit: Public declarations of commitment
Some commitments (for example, nutrition status outcomes) are difficult to identify with a single responsible party (for example, governments are not in complete control of these outcomes).
ACTIONS & ACCOUNTABILITY TO ACCELERATE THE WORLD’S PROGRESS ON NUTRITION
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