4
THE COEXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF MALNUTRITION IS THE “NEW NORMAL”
F
EW COUNTRIES ARE FREE FROM MALNUTRITION, AND MANY COUNTRIES EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE BURDENS OF MALNUTRITION. TYPICALLY, DATA ON CHILD UNDERNUTRITION, child and adult micronutrient deficiencies, and child and adult overweight and obesity are presented separately. This report aims to shed light on the overlaps because they reflect the multiple issues facing countries.
This chapter begins by looking at the growth of children under the age of five: how many countries are experiencing different combinations of unhealthy growth among children under five? Next, it focuses on the multiple dimensions of the nutrition status of women. Then, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity data are overlaid to identify countries that are experiencing simultaneous burdens.
Ideally, analyses of overlapping burdens of malnutrition would be conducted within countries as well as across them. The second part of this chapter explores national data issues concerning equity and decentralization within countries. The 2015 Global Nutrition Report will endeavor to support more within-country analysis.
KEY POINTS
1. Malnutrition affects nearly every country. Only two countries have levels of under-five stunting, ane- mia in women of reproductive age, and adult overweight all below public health thresholds.
2. Countries are facing complex, overlapping, and connected malnutrition burdens. Fewer than 20 countries have only a single form of malnutrition when under-five stunting, anemia in women of reproductive age, and adult overweight are considered together. The nutrition community must urgently develop tools and strategies for prioritizing and sequencing nutrition-relevant actions in com- plex contexts.
3. Given these multiple burdens and the trend toward decentralization of nutrition programming, dis- aggregated analyses of nutrition outcomes are more important than ever. This is a major data gap in many, though perhaps not all, countries.
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