GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ON SECTORS RELATED TO NUTRITION
How much are countries spending on sectors that could poten- tially be made more nutrition sensitive? Figure 6.7 reports the share of total government expenditures on four broad catego- ries related to nutrition (Ruel and Alderman 2013): agriculture, health, education, and social protection. (The database on which Figure 6.7 relies includes no data on water, sanitation, and hygiene.7)
Governments’ share of spending on these four categories as a set is increasing (Figure 6.7). Spending on social protection is
increasing fastest in nearly all regions and especially in Africa and Asia. This situation presents opportunities for nutrition to embed itself in these spending flows. There may be particular opportunities to make social protection expenditures more gender-sensitive along the lines suggested by the evidence in Ruel and Alderman (2013).
Are these expenditure trends simply driven by differences between the regions or are there differences within regions? To explore, we compare some countries within Africa (Figure 6.8). These countries, of course, vary widely in many respects, but even when countries have similar levels of income—such as Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda—differences emerge in how
FIGURE 6.7 SHARE OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ON FOUR SECTORS RELATED TO NUTRITION (%) AFRICA ASIA EUROPE
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
NORTHERN AMERICA
OCEANIA
37 30 27
5 6
13 7
4 7
15 5 14
12 5
4
3 3
10 8
4 7
11 6
10
10 4
7 12
2 9
9
2 8
10 11
1
4 9
10 3
16 8
3 7
2 9
1 3 5
23 8
1 4 11
26
55 36 41
11 11
4
10 12
1
10 16
1 49 24 29
32
AGRICULTURE
EDUCATION
HEALTH
SOCIAL PROTECTION
Source: IFPRI (2014). Note: Data are mean population-weighted percentages. The SPEED database uses standard and broad IMF definitions for the different sectors.
FIGURE 6.8 SHARE OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ON FOUR SECTORS RELATED TO NUTRITION IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES (%), 2010
8 1
17 0 3
4 0
0 3
2 6
4 5 4
19 14 10 4 4 7 1 5 5 4
9 5
11
10 4
11 16
5 5
6 2
22
10 23 24 13
AGRICULTURE Source: IFPRI (2014). 44 GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014
EDUCATION
HEALTH
SOCIAL PROTECTION
% TOTAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
1990 2000 2010
1990 2000 2010
1990 2000 2010
1990 2000 2010
1990 2000 2010
1990 2000 2010
Central African Republic South Africa Nigeria Mozambique Uganda Seychelles Rwanda Kenya Tunisia Mauritius
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