Even though UNICEF/WHO recommended incorporating
zinc treatment into routine programs in 2004, this practice remains limited.
Universal salt iodization
It is difficult to assess trends in coverage of universal salt io- dization because of changes in how iodization is measured and changes in thresholds.6
The most current data from UNICEF (Figure 5.7) show that rates still have further to go to reach 100 percent in Africa and Southern Asia.
Interventions: Identifying weak links Here we focus on the five nutrition-specific interventions and
FIGURE 5.5 AVERAGE COVERAGE OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION (%) 99 69 56 15
Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Western Africa AFRICA
Central Asia
South-Eastern Asia ASIA
Source: UNICEF (2014c), based on administrative reports from countries for the 2012 calendar year. Note: Data are population-weighted averages.
FIGURE 5.6 COVERAGE OF ZINC TREATMENT FOR DIARRHEA 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Southern Asia
Melanesia OCEANIA
69 78 82 68
practices where data exist for more than 50 countries: 1. early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hour after birth), 2. exclusive breastfeeding of infants under six months old, 3. continued breastfeeding up to 12 months, 4. vitamin A supplementation of preschool-age children, and
5. iron–folic acid supplementation of pregnant women for more than 90 days.
Only 37 countries have data on all five programs or practic- es; 156 countries lack data on one or more of them. Sixty-nine countries do not have data on any of them.7
Table 5.4 shows
the number of countries that have weak coverage—that is, less than 50 percent—for these five interventions and practices.8
Source: Carvajal (2014).
Note: Data are for children who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey. Data for Bangladesh refer to zinc syrup; the value for zinc tablets in Bangladesh is 19.8 percent.
ACTIONS & ACCOUNTABILITY TO ACCELERATE THE WORLD’S PROGRESS ON NUTRITION 33
% OF CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA RECEIVING ZINC TREATMENT Bangladesh
Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea El Salvador Niger Benin Nepal
Timor-Leste Afghanistan
United Rep. of Tanzania Albania
South Sudan Nigeria Cambodia DRC
Philippines Iraq
Uganda Pakistan Togo
Costa Rica Cuba
Guyana
Sierra Leone Indonesia Armenia Lao PDR
Madagascar Viet Nam Bhutan Senegal
Central African Republic Guinea
Burkina Faso Comoros Honduras Liberia
Mauritania Gambia Haiti India Chad
Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Mongolia Rwanda Burundi Cameroon Ghana
Zimbabwe Argentina Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina Jamaica
Kazakhstan Serbia Tunisia
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