FIGURE 6.3 TRENDS IN CALORIE OVERACQUISITION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
shows that the higher-income countries have higher rates of overacquisition, but all countries are converging somewhat (Figure 6.3).
The numbers in Figures 6.2 and 6.3 may help highlight United States United Kingdom
Australia Brazil Nigeria
Indonesia China
broad trends, but they are crude proxies for the quality of diet. National surveys are needed to properly assess dietary diversity and quality. Panel 6.1 documents and assesses recent trends in dietary quality among adults in the United States and shows that policy, combined with scientific evidence, consumer aware- ness, and food-company actions, can make a difference.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene
Source: Unpublished data from FAO. For details on methodology, see Technical Note 3 at
www.globalnutritionreport.org.
Note: Overacquisition is defined as the percentage of a population acquiring calories above a level consistent with the 95th percentile of body mass index in a healthy population and a physical activity level coefficient of 2.10.
People need access to improved water and sanitation facilities to reduce the risk of infection that can compromise nutrient absorption.4 In Africa and Asia—the regions where access to improved water and sanitation have been the poorest—peo- ple’s access to these improvements is steadily increasing in all subregions (Figure 6.4). Still, in Eastern, Middle, and Western Africa, more than 30 percent of the population has no access to improved water.5
For sanitation, there is much more work to do. Improved facility coverage is less than 33 percent in Eastern, Western, and
FIGURE 6.4 TRENDS IN ACCESS TO IMPROVED WATER AND SANITATION IN SUBREGIONS OF AFRICA AND ASIA Eastern Africa 32 30 49 31 8 38 9 12
11 34
12 37
43 53 12 PIPED ON PREMISES Eastern Africa 44 37 31
15 9
32
19 12
26 15
24 35
AFRICA IMPROVED SANITATION COVERAGE Middle Africa
Northern Africa 24 20 45
21 10
43
25 13
31 16
38 15
14 23
5 58 67 75
10 17
6 13
6 6
63 71 48 75 58
12 36
46 57 56 52 51 12 11 OTHER IMPROVED UNIMPROVED 56 38 17 24 28 19 23 28
28 25
24 16
AFRICA IMPROVED DRINKING WATER COVERAGE Middle Africa
Northern Africa 21 34
33 18
31 14
13 3
31
12 2
22
13 2
13 14
32 6
5 9
27 Southern Africa
4 2
19
27 26
Western Africa
25 17
22 9
Central Asia
5 6
34
7 8
7 6
33 36 32 54 73
ASIA IMPROVED DRINKING WATER COVERAGE Eastern Asia South-Eastern Asia Southern Asia
24 7
14 3
26 56 61 53 63 58 67 75 82
19 7
1
20 9
14 6
9 2
24 4
16 3
8 1
Western Asia
14 4
15
11 3
11
7 9 2
SURFACE WATER Southern Africa 17 14
10 17
11 14
9 8
13 Western Africa 56 62 71
22 18 35
24 20 32
25 25
24 26 21 29
Central Asia
1 1
3
3 21
3 20
ASIA IMPROVED SANITATION COVERAGE Eastern Asia South-Eastern Asia Southern Asia
6 57 12 95 94 96
30 6
68 49
36 3
14 1
18
15 32
47 6
12 22
8 58 70 13
10 7
65 38 53
6 6
23
8 8
31
11 9
42
Western Asia 3
12 9
2
11 6
4
4 7
77 80 86
IMPROVED FACILITIES
Source: WHO and UNICEF (2014). Note: Data are population-weighted regional averages.
40 GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014
SHARED FACILITIES
UNIMPROVED FACILITIES
OPEN DEFECATION
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
% OF POPULATION
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
1990 2000 2012
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