rates of change in country-level indicators to meet the global target applied at the country level (WHO 2014a). Then we apply rules proposed by WHO (2014a) for determining whether a country is on course to meet the global WHA targets or not (Table 3.3).12
Of the 99 countries that have data on all four WHA indica- tors for which rules exist (stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia), only one—Colombia—is on course to meet all four targets by 2025, whereas 31 countries are not on course to meet any of the four targets (Figure 3.6).13
Encouragingly, more than two-thirds of all countries that have data on all four indicators will meet at least one goal. African coun- tries represent about 50 percent of the countries in the groups on course to meet zero, one, and two targets. Asian countries repre- sent 42 percent of countries on course to meet 0 targets and about 25 percent of countries on course to meet one or two targets.
Anemia is the indicator for which most countries are finding
it difficult to make progress (Figure 3.7). Mason et al. (2014) argue that addressing anemia urgently requires scaling up effective intervention programs such as supplementation with iron–folic acid or multiple micronutrients, fortification of staple foods or condiments, and disease control measures like malaria control and deworming. They suggest that the lack of attention
to this issue stems from the lack of awareness of its pervasive- ness and its slow rate of progress.
The 5 countries on course for anemia reduction are Burundi, Colombia, Kenya, Vanuatu, and Viet Nam. These 5 countries, with a total population of 192 million, represent 3 percent of the total population of the 185 countries with available data. It is important to learn more about why only these 5 countries are on course for the anemia target.
Wasting is the indicator for which the largest number of
countries are making progress. This result is based not on the average annual rate of reduction, but rather on whether wasting is less than 5 percent (on course) or greater than or equal to 5 percent (off course).14
The 59 countries on course for wasting
reduction include Brazil, China, and the United States. These 59 countries represent 39 percent of all children under age five in the 123 countries with available data.
For stunting reduction, 22 countries are on course, including
China, Turkey, and Viet Nam. These 22 countries represent 23 percent of all children under age five in the 109 countries with available data.
Finally, 31 countries are on course for under-five overweight
reduction out of the 107 with available data. The 31 countries, which include India, Nigeria, and the United States, represent 45
FIGURE 3.2 BASELINE UNDER-FIVE OVERWEIGHT RATE AND ANNUAL REDUCTION IN UNDER-FIVE OVERWEIGHT 30 20 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 5 -40 -50 0 10
OVERWEIGHT AARR (%) BASELINE OVERWEIGHT RATE (%)
25
15
Source: UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank (2014). Note: Years for baseline rates range from 2005 to 2013.
18 GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014
BASELINE UNDER-FIVE OVERWEIGHT RATE (%)
AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF REDUCTION (AARR) IN UNDER-FIVE OVERWEIGHT (%)
Papua New Guinea Benin
Indonesia Azerbaijan Egypt
Kazakhstan Sierra Leone Mali
Tunisia Nepal
Philippines Burundi Iraq
Maldives Bangladesh Viet Nam Niger
Thailand Honduras Namibia
United Rep. of Tanzania Bhutan
Montenegro
Sao Tome and Principe Burkina Faso Uzbekistan Suriname Mexico Gabon Guyana China
The FYR Macedonia Venezuela Eritrea
Mongolia Mozambique Haiti
Pakistan Georgia Botswana Kuwait
Dominican Republic Myanmar Jordan Ghana Oman
Bosnia and Herzegovina Armenia Timor-Leste Rwanda Chad
El Salvador Tajikistan Djibouti Colombia Bolivia
Syrian Arab Rep. United States Liberia Ethiopia Chile Guinea Jamaica Uganda DRC
Morocco Uruguay Algeria Albania Kyrgyzstan Malawi Lao PDR Peru
Equatorial Guinea Nicaragua Swaziland Zambia Sri Lanka Guatemala Serbia Gambia Cameroon Kenya
Comoros India
Guinea-Bissau Mauritania Cambodia Nigeria Senegal Zimbabwe Belize Lesotho
Côte d'Ivoire Congo
South Sudan Yemen
Central African Republic Togo
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