Complementary feeding
Comparable national data on complementary feeding pro- grams do not exist, but national surveys increasingly collect information that permits an internationally comparable assess- ment of the diets of children 6 to 23 months old. Data from Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013 are collated and summarized in Table 5.3 and plotted in Figures 5.3 and 5.4.
The median share of young children with a minimum accept- able diet (MAD) or minimum dietary diversity (MDD) is low in the 27 countries for which data are available3
—15 percent for MAD
and 27 percent for MDD. Still, the wide variation between coun- tries suggests great potential for cross-country learning. As might be expected, improved rates of MAD are associated with lower wasting rates, and improved minimum dietary diversity scores are associated with lower stunting rates (Figures 5.3 and 5.4).4
Vitamin A supplementation
Figure 5.5 reports on the percentage of children between 6 and 59 months of age receiving two high doses of vitamin A sup- plementation in various subregions. Melanesia has the lowest coverage, and Central Asia the highest. There is considerable variation within subregions in Africa, with rates increasing from east to west.5
Zinc treatment of diarrhea
Zinc, when administered with oral rehydration solution (ORS), can reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea (Lamberti et al. 2013; Bhutta et al. 2013a). Figure 5.6 shows available data for 58 countries from DHS and MICS on zinc treatment for children under five with diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey. The percentage of zinc use varies from 29 percent of children receiving zinc supplements as treatment in Bangladesh to 0 per- cent in Tunisia. Mean coverage in this group of countries is 2.5 percent, and in most countries coverage is less than 5.0 percent.
TABLE 5.3 SUMMARY OF INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD DIETS Indicator
Median
Minimum Maximum
Number of countries for which data are available % of young children, 6–23 months, with:
Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) Minimum dietary diversity (MDD) 15.0 3.1
27.0 4.8
54.2 27
Source: MDD and MAD estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013.
67.7 27
FIGURE 5.3 RATES OF MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DIET AND WASTING RATES Honduras Honduras Armenia Indonesia Jordan Indonesia Jordan Armenia Ghana Tajikistan Nepal Cambodia Rwanda Malawi Kyrgyzstan Haiti Zimbabwe Benin
Mozambique Burundi
Uganda Tajikistan Pakistan Senegal Ethiopia Côte d’Ivoire Guinea 0 5 10 Comoros Burkina Faso 15 WASTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE (%)
Source: Data on minimum acceptable diet are from Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013. Data on wasting are from UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank (2014). The orange line is the line of best fit.
32 GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT 2014 20 0 20 Nigeria Niger Bangladesh Senegal Haiti Cambodia
Mozambique Nepal
Comoros
Uganda Zimbabwe
Côte d’Ivoire Guinea
Burkina Faso 40 STUNTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE (%)
Source: Data on minimum dietary diversity are from Demographic and Health Sur- veys between 2010 and 2013. Data on stunting are from UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank (2014). The orange line is the line of best fit.
Nigeria
Bangladesh Benin
Malawi
Pakistan Rwanda
Burundi Niger Ethiopia 60 Ghana Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 5.4 RATES OF MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY AND STUNTING RATES
0
MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE DIET FOR 6- TO 23-MONTH-OLDS (%) 20
40
60
0
MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY IN 6- TO 23-MONTH-OLDS (%) 20
40 60
80
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