Panel 7.5 in Chapter 7), Cuba, and Togo highlight the fact that rapid progress is possible.
Low birth weight Infants with a low birth weight9 are at an increased risk of
morbidity and mortality. As Figure 3.4 shows, low birth weight affects all regions of the world (for example, the rates in North- ern and South America are very similar), but the rate is highest by far in Southern Asia. At this time it is not possible to present credible trend data.10
Anemia The prevalence of anemia11
in women of reproductive age is
greater than 15 percent in every subregion of the world except Northern America (Figure 3.5). The rates in Europe are similar to those in Central and South America. The rates are highest in Southern Asia, Western Africa, and Middle Africa.
In sum, levels and trends in malnutrition indicators vary
greatly across countries. And yet little is known about why some countries have been trailblazers and others have not. More high-quality case studies—similar to business school case stud-
FIGURE 3.1 BASELINE STUNTING RATE AND ANNUAL REDUCTION IN STUNTING
AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF REDUCTION (AARR) IN STUNTING (%)
10 8 60 6 50 4 2 0 -2 20 -4 10 -6 -8 0 40 STUNTING AARR (%) BASELINE STUNTING RATE (%)
BASELINE STUNTING RATE (%)
70
ies—are needed to get a full and critical picture of why progress has occurred in some places and not in others.
HOW MANY COUNTRIES ARE ON COURSE TO MEET THE WHA GLOBAL TARGETS?
The global targets need to be translated into context-specific national targets, taking into consideration present levels and trends, risk factor trends, demographic changes, experience with developing and implementing nutrition policies, the degree of health system development, and previous experience with interventions (de Onis et al. 2013).
Countries will, of course, be the ones to establish national targets to help them carry out national policies and programs and calculate the level of resources required for their imple- mentation. Accordingly this section does not propose country targets. Instead we ask, if the global targets were applied on a country-by-country basis, how many countries would be on course to contribute to the WHA global targets?
To answer this question, we use data from the most recent UNICEF/WHO/WB joint global database (UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank 2014) and estimates from WHO on the required
30
Source: UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank (2014). Note: Years for baseline rates range from 2005 to 2013.
ACTIONS & ACCOUNTABILITY TO ACCELERATE THE WORLD’S PROGRESS ON NUTRITION 17
Papua New Guinea Benin
Somalia Guyana Azerbaijan Egypt
Montenegro Djibouti
Dominican Republic Eritrea Togo
Sierra Leone Thailand Pakistan
Armenia Botswana Kuwait
Dem. Rep. of the Congo Chad
Syrian Arab Rep. Timor-Leste Namibia Zimbabwe Kazakhstan Gambia
Kyrgyzstan Indonesia Iran
Lao PDR
Central African Republic Philippines Guatemala Swaziland Burundi Rwanda Liberia Sri Lanka Malawi Kenya Guinea
Mozambique Cameroon Madagascar Guinea-Bissau India
Sao Tome and Principe United Rep. of Tanzania Niger Mali
Ecuador Myanmar
Cambodia Iraq
Nigeria Haiti
Bosnia and Herzegovina Yemen Uganda Malaysia Uruguay
Sudan Mexico Ethiopia Nicaragua South Africa Venezuela
Burkina Faso Bangladesh Senegal Oman Belize Ghana Zambia Panama Comoros Bhutan Gabon Lesotho Georgia Nepal
Tajikistan El Salvador Colombia Bolivia Congo Jamaica
South Sudan Honduras Chile
The FYR Macedonia Serbia Tunisia Peru
Mauritania United States
Equatorial Guinea DPR Korea Suriname
Viet Nam Jordan
Côte d'Ivoire Morocco Mongolia Maldives Turkey Albania
Uzbekistan Algeria China
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118