expression of the Klotho gene was found to be down-regulated in aged cells. Treatment of aged cells with the snow algae extract induced an up-regulation of Klotho expression to a value even beyond that of young cells.
Stimulation of AMPK activity for cellular defense The AMPK is a cellular sensor for energy which is activated by an increased AMP/ATP ratio indicating low energy. During calorie restriction and after exercise AMPK activity is increased to restore ATP levels. But the role of AMPK is not restricted to the control of the energy metabolism. AMPK was shown to regulate several transcription factors related to cellular defense and protection systems indicating its role as anti-ageing factor. In a cell culture model with primary human keratinocytes, the snow algae extract was found to stimulate activation of AMPK.
In-vivo anti-ageing effects of snow algae powder Does stimulation of Klotho and AMPK have a real impact on typical skin parameters? In cell culture models with primary human fibroblast cells, treatment with the snow algae extract was found to prevent ageing-induced reduction in collagen
production and to protect against the H2O2-induced increase in production of matrix metalloproteinases which are enzymes responsible for collagen degradation. A cream with 3% Snow Algae Powder was tested in a placebo- controlled half face study over three weeks by 20 volunteers.
These 20 volunteers spent the middle week in the harsh winter Alpine climate. Compared to initial conditions, trans epidermal water loss was increased and pigment spots and eye wrinkles were worsened on the placebo-treated half side. All these issues showed improvement on the side treated with the snow algea.
Rejuvenation effects measured by Multi-Photon Tomography In another clinical study, multiphoton tomography was used as a novel non-invasive method to analyze the papillary surface area. Near infrared wavelengths are used to build up a tissue contrast based either on auto-fluorescence generated, for example, by elastin and NADH, or based on second harmonic generation induced by collagen structures. The papillary surface, corresponding to the surface of the basal membrane, can be reconstructed using special software and algorithm. Example pictures from a young and old female volunteer show the age- related decline in papillary structures leading to a flattened basal membrane in old skin. A cream with 2% Snow Algae Powder was applied by 5 women aged between 55 and 67 on the inner side of the forearm over two months. The placebo cream was then applied on the other forearm. At the end of the study, the papillary surface was increased by 12.5% compared to initial conditions and by 30.5% compared to placebo, indicating a clear rejuvenation effect. Snow Algae Powder can be regarded as a significant key to skin’s longevity.
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