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Per capita GDP in Ghana, 1960–2008 (constant 2000 US$) and share of GDP from agriculture (percent)
400 300 200 100 0 1960 1970 1980
Source: World Development Indicators (World Bank 2009). Notes: GDP = gross domestic product; US$ = US dollars.
Income The share of income earned in agriculture shows the importance of agriculture as a sector of the economy in Ghana. Figure 6.3 shows trends in gross domes- tic product (GDP) per capita and in the proportion of GDP from agriculture. The agricultural sector’s contribution to GDP increased from 1960 until the late 1970s, when the sector was the largest single contributor to GDP. After the mid-1980s, however, agricultural GDP declined to less than 50 percent of the country’s total GDP. Agricultural GDP has continued to decline, while per capita GDP has increased. The rapid increases in per capita GDP after 2000 may reflect the development of the service sector, especially the rapid growth in the telecommunications subsector (Ghana, GSS 2010).
Vulnerability to Climate Change Table 6.2 provides some data on Ghana’s performance on indicators of a popula- tion’s vulnerability or resilience to economic shocks beyond that of income level: level of education, literacy, and concentration of labor in poorer or less dynamic sectors. The table indicates that there is nearly universal enrollment in primary