December, 2014 Sorting Test Gear Continued from previous page
cy. It has been used for testing both radar and EW systems and compo- nents and can generate nanosecond pulse widths for demanding radar testing. With its new beginnings, Key -
sight has also made available its model N5193A agile signal genera- tor, which may be the ultimate radar test signal source. It covers 10MHz to 20 or 40GHz (depending upon option)
versatile choice for presenting a wide range of signals, from baseband and video system signals through trans- mitted radar pulses. As with the sig- nal generator, the spectrum analyzer has numerous performance parame- ters that can be used when compar- ing models for different assignments, including frequency range and reso- lution, resolution bandwidth (RBW), and scanning speed.
Switchable Frequencies Some spectrum analyzers are
available with switchable frequen - cy/time-domain operation, making it possible to measure and display some signals as functions of time as well as frequency, for studying radar pulses as they change in time. Of course, the proper detector or probe
Universal pulse generator model 6040 from Berkeley Nucleonics.
pulses with changing amplitudes. For measuring radar pulses with a spectrum analyzer, a sample detector
www.us-
tech.com
must be used with the analyzer to make pulsed measurements. For example, a peak power detector will show the highest power or amplitude level for a given measurement inter- val, although more of an average value may be more meaningful, espe- cially for measurements of radar
Page 57
will measure an envelope voltage during each measurement point and display the results, while a root- mean-square (rms) detector will sam- ple the envelope voltage within a given range — and typically may pro- vide more information than the sam- ple detector. Power meters, which also require the use of a proper power detector, have also been used to measure the power levels of high- speed radar pulses, provided that the power meter and its detector have been designed for the frequency and power ranges of interest. These are just a sample of the
test instruments used to characterize military electronic systems, since these systems are complex and include analog, baseband, digital, and even fiber-optic subsystems that must be tested. Many modern mili- tary electronic systems rely on such
Continued on page 63 Performance Beyond Expectations
The modular Rohde & Schwarz C2UBE command and control
(C2) system is based on the R&S SDTR, part of the company’s enhanced portfolio of communi- cations and intelligence systems.
with 250ns switching speed for fre- quency, amplitude, and phase, and can create minimum pulse widths to 5ns. It employs DDS technology and a proprietary DAC to achieve the range and control.
Spectrum Analyzers Signal generators can exercise
receivers in a military system while spectrum analyzers can help evalu- ate transmitters and their signal quality. Spectrum analyzers have evolved over the last decade into a variety of different signal analyzers, different from traditional spectrum analyzers which typically might work with a probe or an antenna to find signal activity across a spectrum of interest. Spectrum analyzers, first of all, have long been available in portable form for in-field testing, typ- ically powered by rechargeable bat- teries. While rack-mount, heavy, lab- oratory-grade spectrum analyzers are still commonplace, portable spec- trum analyzers have been more typi- cal of military test applications. As with the signal generators, these testers must cover a wide frequency range, generally to 18GHz and beyond, to serve the signal-analysis needs of military applications.
Nordson DAGE cost effective production platform for X-ray inspection
Key Featur
atures
1.33M pixel long lifetime CMOS flat panel detector with real time image enhancements
pixel long lifetime CMOS flat panel detector al time image enhancements
Hardware-based decoding cap-
tures and displays an infrequent CAN FD stuff bit error frame
that other scopes miss with this Keysight MSO-X mixed signal oscilloscope.
Particularly in pulsed radar or
EW applications, the detection and display capabilities of a spectrum analyzer to show short-duration high-frequency signals makes them a
160Kv open transmissive X-ray tube with a full 3 watts of target power at sub-micron feature recognition
The easiest to use operator interface in the industry to enable full usage by line personnel
www.nordsondage.com I
globalsales@nordsondage.com
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