December, 2012
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Combining 2D and 3D in a Single AOI Platform Continued from page 48
employ a series of four or more Digital Multi-Frequency Moiré Projection Probes to yield precise height measurement data which may then be used to detect lifted compo- nent and lifted lead defects as well as provide solder volumetric data post reflow. The fact that the probes are “digitally programmable” means that the pattern frequency may be altered via software to provide the ultimate in inspection flexibility. The alterna- tive methodology uses two “fixed” fre- quency patterns which may prove limited for some applications. 3D inspection technology has its own advantages and disadvantages.
3D Advantages: l
l l l
Provides true co-planarity inspection capability.
Provides volumetric inspection data.
Significant reduction in false call rate.
3D Disadvantages: l
l
advantages and disadvantages of both 2D inspection and 3D inspection it becomes increasingly evident that nei- ther technology is completely capable of addressing the full complement of inspection requirements associated with the complexity of current and future electronic assemblies. In order to successfully cover the
full range of inspection requirements without compromise, the AOI machine must provide both 2D and 3D inspec- tion capabilities in a single platform. The most technologically ad -
vanced AOI systems must essentially provide:
l
Absolute detection of lifted leads and devices.
Emerging AOI technology offered by few vendors.
l Significant increase in cost. l
l l
ed with a 2D inspection technology. l
A state-of-the-art 2D hardware/software engine config- ured with a minimum of five ultra- high resolution cameras, precision telecentric lens architecture, and a multi-tiered lighting system com- bined with a sophisticated feature set of algorithms designed to lever- age the various advantages associat-
Incapable of 2D inspection of part markings etc.
Significant reduction in inspection speed.
Inspection height limitation — approx 5mm max.
l Susceptible to shadowing issues. l
Incapable of inspecting J-lead solder fillets.
Incapable of color inspection. After carefully reviewing the
A 3D subsystem with either Laser Measurement or Multi-Frequency Moiré capability. In the case of the latter more desirable 3D inspection solution the system must be config- ured with four or more Multi- Frequency Moiré projection probes to provide highly accurate 3D imag- ing from which the system may extract precise volume and shape characteristics for any given region of interest on the finished PCB assembly.
The end result is a highly accu-
rate quality assurance system which combines the advantages of 2D inspection technology with the ad -
van tages of 3D inspection technology without compromise. In order to con- tend with the complexity of today’s PCB assemblies, the AOI system must provide both 2D and 3D inspec- tion capability. By combining the flexibility and
accuracy of 2D inspection technology with the advanced measurement capability of 3D technology, the AOI
Page 57
system becomes an extremely effec- tive tool that will provide manufac- turers with a clear view into the manufacturing process, thereby helping them achieve higher operat- ing efficiencies and improved quality. Contact: Mirtec Corp., 3 Morse
Rd., #2A, Oxford, CT 06478 % 203-881-5559 fax: 203-881-3322 Web:
www.mirtecusa.com r
X-Ray Inspection to Identify Counterfeit Parts
Continued from previous page
These examples illustrate that deter- mining of the authenticity of a compo- nent should not be done lightly. If the x-ray inspection shows that the parts have different die sizes and/or lead- frame structures and the same date code and/or lot number, you can dis- card them as highly suspect. However, if the date codes and lot numbers are different, this does not necessarily mean that they are authentic. Instead, this situation requires more research to verify the authenticity of the parts under scrutiny.
The Inspection Outcome Counterfeiters operate a lucra-
tive criminal enterprise. The following two examples attempt to put numbers to assess the scale of this illegal indus- try. The reports shown describe the total amount of parts inspected within each lot, the total inspection time using a TruView 180-3HDx equipped with a Reel-to-Reel system. We also placed a monetary value to quantify
the potential loss when selling or buy- ing such parts. The cost per part included in this analysis reflects the prices we were quoted by different dis- tributors at the time this paper was being written. Thus, this cost does not account for the potential loss of prod- uct if the parts were actually used in the production line. Part inspected: Kemet Tanta lum
Low ESR Capacitors. The Total num- ber of parts inspected: 2,149, with a total inspection time of 15 minutes. Cost the parts: $6.44 ea., and the reel’s total potential loss, $13,840. In another example, the Sam -
sung K6X1008C2D CMOS SRAM was inspected. The total number of parts inspected: 3,000, with an inspection time of 19 minutes. These parts cost $31.52 ea. meaning a total potential loss of $94,560. Contact: Creative Electron, Inc.,
253 Pawnee St., San Marcos, CA 92078 % 760-752-1192 fax: 760-752-1196 Web:
www.creativeelectron.com r
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