Nuclear Future
Table 2: World Nuclear Future
Country Under Construction Planned Proposed
No. MWe No. MWe No. MWe
Argentina 1 692 1 740 1 740
Armenia 000 1000
Bangladesh 022,000
Belarus 0022,000 2 2,000
meet non-proliferation objectives but also avoid Belgium 0 0
the excessive nationalism of the previous regime,
Brazil 0011,245 4 4,000
which was both non-economic and led to countries
Bulgaria 21,900 00
Canada 2 1,500 3 3,300 6 6,600
avoiding the difficult decisions on waste. The
China 11 11,000 26 27,560 72 58,400
Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP)
Czech Republic 000 3,400
proposed by the United States fits quite Egypt 11,000 1 1,000
comfortably with this. Although other countries
Finland 1 1,600 00 1,000
may doubt whether the United States has any right
France 1 1,630 11,600
Germany 000 00
to take on leadership in these matters, the ideas
Hungary 22,000
are constructive. A lot of attention has been placed
India 6 2,976 10 9,760 15 11,200
on the apparent conversion to the reprocessing of Indonesia 0022,000 4 4,000
used fuel within GNEP (perhaps as a reaction to
Iran 1 915 2 1,900 1 300
the difficulties being experienced in getting Yucca
Israel 000 1,200
Italy 010 17,000
Mountain into operation) but the degree of
Japan 2 2,285 13 17,915 1 1,300
international co-operation proposed at all levels of
Kazakhstan 002600 2 600
the fuel cycle is very welcome. It makes good sense Korea DPR (N) 1950 00
to have enrichment, reprocessing and waste
Korea RO (S) 5 5,350 3 4,050 2 2700
disposal facilities located at only a very limited
Lithuania 000 3,400
Mexico 022,000
number of locations throughout the world, for
Netherlands 000 0
both non-proliferation and economic reasons (the
Pakistan 1 300 2 600 2 2,000
economies of scale in all areas of the nuclear fuel Poland 000 510,000
cycle are considerable). The Russians have also
Romania 21,310 1 655
proposed developing sites for major regional
Russia 8 5,980 11 12,870 25 22,280
Slovakia 2 840 0011,200
facilities for these areas within their own territory,
Slovenia 000 0 1,000
starting with an enrichment facility at Angarsk.
South Africa 33,565 24 4,000
Moving used nuclear fuel is currently almost Spain 000 00
impossible owing to historic restrictions, but it is
Sweden 0
conceivable that a market may eventually develop
Switzerland 000 034,000
Thailand 22,000 4 4,000
in this, allowing disposal in countries other than
Turkey 00 2,400 1 1,200
where it has been created.
Ukraine 21,900 20 27,000
Two other initiatives worth mentioning are the UAE 0034,500 11 15,500
recent US-India agreement on nuclear commerce
United Kingdom 0 69,600
and the developing co-operation on the next
USA 0012 15,000 20 26,000
Vietnam 2,000 8 8,000
generation of reactors. The former provides a way
of bringing India back into the nuclear fold, at a
World* 43 37,668 108 121,065 266 262,275
time when it has a great need and evident desire to
WNA: Global Nuclear Fuel Market (reference scenario) - for U.
develop a huge nuclear power programme.
Operating = Connected to the grid; Building/Construction = first concrete for
reactor poured, or major refurbishment under way; Planned = Approvals, funding
Indeed, the whole non-proliferation regime must
or major commitment in place, mostly expected in operation within eight years, or
find ways of addressing the other outstanding
construction well advanced but suspended indefinitely; Proposed = Specific
programme or site proposals, expected operation within 20 years. Planned and
issues of Pakistan and Israel, as well as Iran and
Proposed are generally gross MWe.
North Korea. Co-operation on developing the next
Sources: Reactor data: WNA to 1/2/09; IAEA for nuclear electricity production &
percentage of electricity (% e) 5/08.
generation of reactors exists within two
increasingly complementary international programmes, that fuelled by reprocessing the used fuel from current reactors and
of Gen IV (led by the US) and the INPRO project within the using the separated plutonium and uranium. They will also
IAEA (led by Russia). These are considering a range of address the perceived need of nuclear reactors for seawater
advanced reactors which will have much enhanced desalination and hydrogen production. These reactors will
proliferation resistance but will also operate much more come into operation in the period after 2020. Up until then, it
economically and efficiently. Indeed, they may largely be is reasonable to assume that new reactors will be evolutionary
worldPower 2009 155
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