Greenhouse Gases
Figure3: PercentageVariationsinCO
2
1990–2007
action against climate change is not possible
without high CO
2
reduction (Figure 1).
The situation in Europe is similar to that
globally. In 2006, energy supply and use was
responsible for about 61% of total GHG emissions.
The transport sector being the second most
important had a share of 19% (Figure 2).
Consequently, the other sectors add up to a 20%
contribution.
A breakdown by country groups gives a quite
differentiated picture. CO
2
emissions in OECD
countries rose by 16% in the period 1990 – 2005. In
Source: Ziesing, 2008 magazine article
developing and newly industrialised countries,
rice cultivation and industrial processes not related to energy, carbon emissions doubled over a period of 15 years. Russia and
producing mainly fluorinated gases and N
2
O. Furthermore, other non-OECD countries in eastern Europe reported a decline
there are CH
4
emissions from waste disposal sites and waste of about one third. The share of OECD countries in global
water handling. Each type of GHG has a different impact on carbon emissions dropped from 53% in 1990 to 48% in 2005.
climate change. Hence, a global warming potential is In the EU-27 countries, total CO
2
emissions without Land
attributed to each GHG expressed as CO
2
-equivalent. Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) fell from 5.6
Looking at the different GHGs, it is clear that CO
2
is billion tonnes in 1990 to just 5.1 billion tonnes in the year
responsible for roughly three quarters of total GHG emissions. 2006: This, to a large extent, is due to the structural changes
The second most important contributor – methane – has a in the economies of eastern European countries and in some
share of roughly 15%. Consequently, the greatest efforts cases a modernisation of power plants. This reduced the EU-
against climate change are concentrating on CO
2
abatement. 27’s share in global carbon emissions.
However, other gases also offer interesting technological Since 2007, emissions in developing and newly industrialised
abatement options that could be used – although efficient countries in particular, have continued to rise. China alone
emitted 1 billion tonnes more of carbon dioxide in
Figure4: IndexofPowerGeneration&CO
2
Emissions
2007 than in 2005. This means that China’s
emissionshavenearlytripledsince1990(2.2billion
tonnes), reaching 6.1 billion tonnes in 2007. In the
US, carbon emissions have likewise risen by 1
billion tonnes, i.e. 20%, to 6.1 billion tonnes in the
period 1990-2007. However, 2007 per capita CO
2
emissions in the US (20.5t) were four times higher
than in China (4.7t). With 4.7t, China exceeded the
global average per capita emission level for the first
time – if only slightly – in 2007.
Electricity production is one of the main
contributors to GHG emissions. Table 2 shows
electricity consumption per capita in selected
countries and regions and the specific related
emissions(Figure4).Intheemergingeconomies,the
specific emissions of electricity production are high
Source: IEA. Data is indexed to the world average of 1. Interestingly enough, the
in comparison to industrialised countries. The low
high electricity consumption in industrialised areas corresponds to lower specific level of electricity consumption in India or China
emissions (Source: IEA, 2007). In contrast, growing economies show above
however, also leads to a low value of electricity-
average specific emissions: Here technological improvements are essential for
relatedemissionspercapita.Energyconsumptionin
GHG reductions.
India and China will change in the years to come.
114 worldPower2009
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