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1


Foreword 1.1 Background


1.1.1 The development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has continued at a very significant pace over the last few years with more vessels entering operation all the time. They come in a variety of sizes and have a very diverse set of operational capabilities which all place their own unique demands on those who own and operate them and the remainder of the Maritime Community. MASS are an element of the development of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (RAI) systems across the various transport sectors.


1.1.2 The term MASS has been adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) for their scoping exercise which was accepted at MSC 98 on the 13th June 2017. The Executive Summary of the submission for the Scoping Exercise acknowledges that ‘the use of MASS creates the need for a regulatory framework for such ships and their interaction and co-existence with manned ships This document invites the [Maritime Safety] Committee to undertake a regulatory scoping exercise to establish the extent of the need to amend the regulatory framework to enable the safe, secure and environmentally sustainable operation of MASS within the existing IMO instruments’.


1.1.3 This Code of Practice (“Code”) has been prepared by the UK Maritime Autonomous Systems Working Group (MASRWG) and has been published by Maritime UK through the Society of Maritime Industries. It has been reviewed by the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) and the Agency will need to conduct a number of regulatory scrutiny processes before it will be in a position to publish this style of document. This will depend to some extent on the progress made within the IMO Scoping Exercise. For the interim period, this Industry Code of Practice seeks to provide practical guidance for the design, construction and safe operation of autonomous and semi-autonomous vessels under 24m while the more detailed regulatory framework for MASS is developed. This Code will be updated as required when guidance from the IMO Regulatory Scoping Exercise is published, and as the MCA develops policies to meet the needs of forthcoming technological, commercial and regulatory developments.


1.1.4 The primary aim in developing the Code has been to set initial standards and best practice for those who design, build, manufacture (including testing and commissioning), own, operate and control of MASS of less than 24 metres in length. But it will establish some principles and guidance which will be applicable for those operating larger vessels. It should be read in conjunction with ‘An Industry Code of Conduct’ for Maritime Autonomous Systems (Surface) which was published by the UK Marine Industries Alliance in March 2016.


1.1.5 The Code also deals with the equally important subject of remote manning and of the training and qualifications needed for those operating MASS, wherever they may be sited.


1.1.6 The intent is to ensure a degree of equivalence with the provisions of the current IMO instruments (COLREGS, SOLAS, MARPOL, and STCW) and to provide links to related documentation (e.g. ISPS, IMDG, ISM, Fire Safety Code and the Load Line Convention).


1.1.7 The Code also aligns with other relevant documents, for example the Lloyds Register Unmanned Marine Systems Code and the SARUMS Best Practice Guide for Unmanned Maritime Systems.


Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships up to and including 24 metres in length


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