8 CHAPTER 3 QUESTION
1. One of the clients in the dining room seems to always develop a cough after each meal, but it subsides between meals. Today he seems to really be under the weather, and he feels a little warm. What might be the problem?
2. List in order the steps of digestion. ANSWER
The client’s cough may be indicating he is aspirating food or drink into his lungs due to a swallowing problem. His rise in temperature could indicate a fever, indicating the aspiration could be causing an infection. His doctor should be notified.
Mouth: Saliva digests starch, mechanical breakdown of food begins with chewing
Esophagus: Food enters the esophagus by swallowing, which propels the food down via peristalsis and breaks it into smaller particles, forming a bolus which passes through the lower esophageal sphincter into the stomach.
Stomach: Chemical breakdown of food begins. Stomach holds and mixes food with digestive juice, churns and breaks down food into a liquid called chyme, then slowly releases chyme into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Small Intestine: Three parts -
Duodenum: Receives chyme from the stomach and digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. Jejunum: Absorbs most nutrients.
Ileum: Continues nutrient absorption and passes remaining contents to the large intestine.
Large Intestine: Absorbs water and some minerals; ferments indigestible fiber with the help of bacteria, producing gases; and stores waste products of digestion until they are excreted.
3. List some tips to give a client who is suffering with constipation.
4. A client in the dining room loves to have iced tea with meals. The client has iron-deficiency anemia. What should the client understand about her iced tea?
Increase fiber (vegetables and fruit) intake, increase water intake, and increase physical activity are all great ways to stimulate more regular bowel movements.
Drinking tea with foods can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb iron. Especially for someone with iron deficiency, tea should be consumed separately from meals.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
Nutrition Fundamentals and Medical Nutrition Therapy
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