that they take on the hierarchical system that operated in the rest of Europe.
The increased connections with Europe and the invasion of the Normans that followed brought an end to Insular Art. An Irish version of the Romanesque style lasted for about 200 years, but after that there was little that was distinctively Irish.
Chapter Review
1. Were there any positive sides to the Viking invasion? Write a short account naming the positive inputs of the Vikings and how they affected the Irish.
2. There seems to have been a number of uses for round towers. What do you think they were? Describe in words and sketches the structure of a tower and how you think it was used.
3. Can you imagine what work in a 9th-century scriptorium might have been like? Using words and sketches, describe all the jobs that a scribe did and where he worked.
4. Based on your observations of 9th-century designs, do you think the monks had a deep faith in God? Using words and sketches, take examples from sculpture, book painting and metalwork to make your points.
5. What, do you think, was the symbolism of high crosses? Draw a cross and annotate the meanings of the various parts.
6. What are the most interesting aspects of the Book of Kells? Use drawings to illustrate the aspects of the work you find most interesting.
7. Describe in words and sketches a piece of metalwork from the 9th or 10th century, noting the differences from 8th-century work.
