* understand how Post-Impressionism * be able to discuss the influence of * understand how new technology
influenced modern artists Primitivism on art
encouraged ideas and brought changes to art practices
* understand that World War I fundamentally * understand why Dada was established
affected art and artists * be able to discuss the development of
Surrealism and the influence of new psychological theories and techniques.
Salon des Refusés Artists had to exhibit at the Salon, a huge public exhibition of new painting and sculpture. A jury selected which works to hang.
The Salon jury of 1863 rejected more than two- thirds of the paintings. Artists protested so strongly that the committee set up the now famous ‘Salon des Refusés’. Manet’s Le Déjeuner sur l’Herbe caused huge controversy at this (see Unit 4).
Before Modernism
The government-controlled Académie des Beaux Arts set standards for art in 19th-century France. Artists found it very difficult to succeed professionally if they did not conform to this system.
Realism In 1846, Gustav Courbet established the Realist
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Impressionism Impressionists challenged the Academic tradition again when artists began painting outdoors in a very new style. At their first Impressionist exhibition in 1874, critics singled out Claude Monet’s painting Impression, Sunrise for particular ridicule and gave the group its name.
Eventually the style was accepted and the last exhibition was held in New York in 1886. This firmly
NEW APPRECIATING ART EUROPE AND THE WORLD
movement. He avoided subjects previously thought suitable for fine art and instead presented straightforward images of everyday people like farmers in a way that glorified their work.
Édouard Manet
Manet was one of the most influential 19th-century artists. He also went against tradition by painting modern life in a new style.
