Environmental Laboratory - UK Focus xxi
Speciation Studies using Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometers – Easier Than You Think
Portable GC/MS Attracts Wide Range of Scientists
A recent seminar at the Open University attracted delegates from a wide range of industries, researchers and regulators. Focusing on a portable GC/MS, the speakers explained how minitiarisation of the technology has helped to create a highly sophisticated instrument that is able to deliver laboratory-grade results in the fi eld.
Dr Andrew Hobson from Quantitech demonstrated the ease with which the TRIDION-9 GC-TMS from Torion Technologies (USA) can be operated, delivering analytical results in approximately 3 minutes. The instrument is battery powered and able to test solid, liquid and gaseous samples using software containing a library of over 1100 compounds in addition to
integration capability with the NIST spectral database of over 5,000 compounds.
The coupling of the PSA 10.820 MI with PS Analytical’s Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometers signifi cantly extends application capability from the detection of the total element concentration to the speciated forms.
This information is critical to determine bioavailability and toxicity of mercury, arsenic and selenium. Applications include the analysis of drinking water, food and drink, blood and urine as well as environmental samples such as waste water, soils and sediments.
The PSA 10.820 MI is confi gurable and may include; LC pump, injection valve, UV cracker as well as heating and cooling modules.
With a simple interface, and compatible fl ow rates, this accessory facilitates speciation studies (Hg, As, Se, Bi, Sb etc), online digestion (heat and UV), as well as a variety of post column reactions. The conjunction of the Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometers with the MI accessory provides ultimate detection performance for both sensitivity and selectivity.
In addition to the impressive detection performance, the automated approach signifi cantly speeds up analysis times, reduces any sample pre-treatment and handling errors.
Speciation analysis of the fi ve main arsenic species (arsenite, DMA, MMA, arsenate and arsenobetaine) is relatively simple and provides valuable information on sample toxicity. Arsenobetaine is extremely stable and does not easily react to form a volatile hydride. However, the heat and UV energy from the MI allows this species to be converted to the more reactive arsenate.
Selenate (Se VI) does not react with NaBH4 to form a volatile hydride, but can be easily converted to the hydride forming selenite (Se IV) with the addition of heat and chemical pre- reducing agents. Organoselenium compounds can be digested online with UV.
Organomercury needs to be oxidised to inorganic Hg2+ prior to vapour generation and subsequent determination by atomic fl uorescence. By applying heat and UV oxidation this reaction can be carried out in less than 1 minute.
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The TRIDION-9 was designed for highly sensitive analysis of unknown compounds, but also has the capability to be operated by non- technical staff in the fi eld. “We deliberately designed the sampling equipment to be separate from the analyser, so that sampling can be undertaken in locations that may be diffi cult to access,” explained Tiffany Brande, U.S. based Director of Torion. “For example, we developed SPME syringes and needle traps that can be used almost anywhere and taken back to the analyser, which might be located in the trunk of a vehicle for example.”
Quantitech Managing Director Keith Golding said that he is “delighted with the level of interest in the portable GC/MS,” and as a result, is considering running further seminars in the future.
Identifying an Optimal Biofuel
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The Model 440 Elemental Analyzer from Exeter Analytical Inc. is proven to provide precise percentage Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Nitrogen (N) data on biomass samples in as little as 5 minutes
Identifying an optimal biofuel from crop, grass, algae or tree (biomass) samples has traditionally been laborious and painstaking. Determining the percentage Hydrogen data enables easy calculation of the biomass sample gross or net calorifi c value. With increasing global interest in ‘Carbon Trading’ the determination of percentage carbon provides accurate data to enable organisations (or countries) to buy and sell carbon permits as part of a program to reduce carbon emissions. The determination of the Nitrogen content of biomass samples using a Model 440 saves considerable time and cost with no diminishment of data quality compared with the traditional Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method.
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The Model 440 is a static combustion CHN Elemental Analyzer, with a unique horizontal furnace design, which enables easy removal of sample residue between each biomass analysis. Consequently one combustion tube will analyse in excess of 1000 biomass samples without the need for removal and cleaning. By comparison other elemental analysers, employing vertical furnace designs, will require cleaning after as little as 20 samples. The gas fl ow characteristics of the Model 440 analyser are superior to other elemental analysers due to the effective elimination of troublesome residue build-up. This thereby provides longer-term calibration stability as well as enhanced accuracy and precision for measured biomass sample data.
In addition, as the Model 440 provides complete control over combustion parameters it is able to reproducibly achieve 100% combustion with the widest range of biomass samples. Proprietary Nitrogen analysis software uniquely enables accurate measurement of low Nitrogen levels (in the 0.1-0.2% range) with a high degree of accuracy.
29848pr@reply-direct.com New Combined Professional pH Meter and Thermometer
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please tell them where you saw their product.
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The new 8100 Plus pH meter kit, from Electronic Temperature Instruments, is supplied with everything you need to take pH and temperature measurements either in the laboratory or in the fi eld. The 8100 Plus pH kit is specifi cally designed for maximum portability, and includes a pH electrode and temperature probe.
With the 8100 Plus pH meter you can test the pH directly, but for a higher degree of accuracy, or for hard or dry materials where the electrode may be damaged, preparation of a diluted sample is recommended.
The 8100 Plus pH meter incorporates a clear custom LCD that shows the pH value from -2 to 16 pH with a 0.01 resolution, and displays the temperature over the range -39.9 to 149.9 °C. With a menu-driven custom microprocessor, the user is helped with clear prompts during operation and calibration. The unit comes with everything needed to test the pH or temperature, including a rugged carrying case to make your pH kit fully transportable.
The 8100 Plus pH meter housing has an integrated rubber seal to ensure complete
water resistance and helps to reduce the possibility of damage in harsh environments. At the touch of a button, the instrument will automatically re-calibrate (2 point autocal) itself when used in conjunction with pH buffer solutions.
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www.envirotech-online.com IET Annual Buyers’ Guide 2014/15
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