8 New Metrohm Brochure and Webpage ‘Biofuel Analysis’
Metrohm is pleased to introduce ‘Biofuel analysis’, a free-of-charge brochure summarising the company’s complete know-how (applications and instrumentation) on the analysis of biodiesel as well as bioethanol. The content of the brochure is also available online at
biofuels.metrohm.com
As the exploration and exploitation of mineral oil reserves becomes ever more expensive, the global demand for biofuels increases. Establishing common standards for the quality of biodiesel and bioethanol has resulted in a range of internationally accepted test methods (ASTM, EN). Metrohm’s new brochure ‘Biofuel analysis’ is a summary of the most important of these standards and the methods used to check crucial parameters (for biodiesel) such as:
acid number, iodine number, water content, oxidation stability, Free and total glycerol content, Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content.
As strong point in favour of Metrohm’s new brochure is that it also treats the latest standards for bioethanol. Thus, the brochure gives a summary of the latest ASTM and EN test methods to check parameters such as: pHe value, conductivity, total acid number and acidity, inorganic chloride content, total inorganic sulphate content.
Methods covered include potentiometric, colorimetric and Karl Fischer titration (volumetric and coulometric), oxidation stability, ion chromatography, voltammetry, atline and online process analysis. Moreover, the new brochure includes a chapter on electrochemical methods and instrumentation (by Metrohm Autolab) suitable for research on the corrosion behaviour of biofuels. ‘Biofuel anlaysis’ is a highly valuable tool for anyone involved in the professional quality assurance of biofuels.
Circle no. 315
ADVERTORIAL
Monitoring of Iodine- and gadolinium-containing Contrast Media in Aqueous Matrices
Metrohm is pleased to present a method for the rapid, reliable, and sensitive analysis of free and complexed gadolinium and iodine-containing compounds in aqueous matrices by ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). The method proceeds without costly sample preparation and provides substantial information on the entry, degradation, and fate of contrast agents in (waste)water. Biologically inert iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) and gadolinium chelates are used as contrast agents diagnostic radiology. These contrast media are applied extensively and are excreted in unmetabolized form via urine into wastewater. ICMs are suspected to be nondegradable in most conventional water treatment plants and ultimately accumulate in drinking water. As their effects on the environment are still unknown, they are removed by water treatment technologies using either ozonation or floculation. Ozonation gives origin to a range of unidentified iodine-containing ozonation by-products (OBPs) of unknown toxicity. Similarly, the addition of competitive Fe3+ ions in the flocculation step enhances the displacement of gadolinium from its chelate complexes, which gives origin to highly toxic Gd3+ ions. In laboratory studies, the effects of ozonation and flocculation were evaluated, respectively, for iodine-containing (e.g., Iomeprol, Amidotrizoic Acid) and gadolinium-containing (e.g., Gadovist®
, Magnevist® Circle no. 316 ) contrast media.
Ion Chromatography and Voltammetry to Determine Chromium(VI)
High levels of toxic chromium(VI) in environmental samples have recently stirred up public attention in the US to focus on the impact of industrial pollution on humans and the environment. With ion chromatography and voltammetry, Metrohm provides state-of-the-art analytical techniques as well as the required instrumentation to help authorities to get a better picture of the hazards to public health.
With ion chromatography, chromium(VI) is detected with high sensitivity as a violet chromium-diphenylcarbazone complex at 540 nm after separation on a polyalcohol anion-exchange column and subsequent post-column derivatisation with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide. When using a 1000 µL sample loop, the chromate detection limit determined in compliance with DIN 32654 is less than 10 ng/L. For the fully automated determination of chromium(VI) Metrohm recommends the combination of a Professional IC with the 887 Professional UV/VIS Detector and the 886 Professional Reactor. Alternatively, chromium(VI) can be determined by voltammetry on the 797 VA Computrace. Unlike spectroscopic methods, voltammetry is able to distinguish between different oxidation states of metal ions (speciation) as well as between free and bound metal ions. This provides important information regarding the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. When analysing drinking or ground water samples, voltammetry enables direct determination of the target analytes without prior sample preparation. If organic compounds are present in the sample they are reliably removed by UV photolysis within 60 minutes using the 705 UV Digester.
Circle no. 317
Intelligence Meets Precision: Automated Ion Chromatography Over Six Orders of Magnitude
Metrohm again defines the benchmark in sample preparation for ion chromatography. Intelligent Preconcentration Technique with Matrix Elimination (MiPCT-ME) enables automatic ion chromatographic determinations over 6 orders of magnitude. Using just one analytical setup and without additional rinsing, samples containing both ultratraces and high concentrations can be analysed. MiPCT-ME technique saves time, ensures complete traceability, is free of carryover effects and significantly improves the accuracy and reproducibility of results.
Trace analysis methods require contamination-free sample handling and accurate calibrations. In particular, the method calibration in the low ppb and ppt range is critical, as standard solutions in this range can hardly be handled without introducing errors. Manual preparation of calibration standards generally starts from a multi-ion standard by appropriate manual dilution. This procedure is not only time-consuming but also opens the door to human error. Moreover, if the sample concentration is outside the calibration range, preconcentration or dilution steps are required. Metrohm Inline Calibration, on the other hand, allows to calibrate any standard concentration in the ppt range by using just one single standard solution at the ppb level. This is possible by varying the preconcentration volumes of the standard solution using the extremely precise dosing capabilities of the 800 Dosino dispensing system. With utmost precision, the 800 Dosino allows dispensing solution volumes between 4 and 4000 µL into the sample loop or preconcentration column of the IC. While the 800 Dosino takes care of the ultra-precise dispensing of solutions, the IC system’s intelligent software provides the computing comparing results, taking logical decisions and carrying them out: if, for example, the concentration of the analyte in the sample exceeds that of the calibration range, the system, after the first injection, compares peak areas, calculates the appropriate injection volume and automatically re-injects the sample.
Circle no. 318
Titration: Tiamo™ 2.2 Software Available in 12 Different Languages!
Metrohm speaks your language: So far, tiamo™ 2.2, the latest version of the world’s leading software for titration, has been available in German and English. Now, updates for another 10 languages are available.
The new language updates are available from the software centre on
www.metrohm.com. Installation of tiamo™ 2.2 is required before the language updates can be downloaded in the user’s system. The new languages are:
• Chinese •French • Italian • Japanese • Polish • Portuguese • Russian • Slovak • Spanish • Traditional Chinese
Circle no. 319
LAB ASIA - JULY/AUGUST - ADVERTORIAL
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